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# Waylink

Resources, information and exercises for international students and teachers of English and Mandarin Chinese.

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## Posts

- [Buy the Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building Textbook (free previews, print versions & downloads)  買《中文句樂步》課本 (免費試覽, 紙本和數位線上版)](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/mandarin-chinese-sentence-building-reader-textbook-free-previews-print-versions-downloads《中文句樂步》課本-免費/) - PRINTED PAPER VERSIONS (STRONGLY RECOMMENDED) 紙本版（建議） Sent to your address (UK & most countries abroad)可寄送至您家 (英國和大部分地區都可以） Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building Textbook (standard quality, A4 90gsm paper) (£19)《中文句樂步》課本（標準品質，A4 90gsm 紙張）（19鎊）https://mixam.co.uk/print-on-demand/6a967e2517c9c557c4167a17 (2179693)Free preview 免費試覽 (免费试览) Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building Textbook (top quality print, original letter size & 120gsm paper) (£27)《中文句樂步》課本（高品質印刷，原版信紙尺寸 & 120gsm 紙張）（27鎊)https://mixam.co.uk/print-on-demand/676df6ea8d2d2b026055f421click HERE to buyFree preview
- [《中文句樂步》介紹](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/《中文句樂步》介紹/) - 課本介紹 《中文句樂步》教材能夠讓學習者快速進步，同時以語言作為獲取文化知識的平台。本書靈感源自著名的 Michel Thomas 教學法，學習者通過引導式翻譯，在有意義的句子中反覆運用單詞與漢字，實現最佳的重複練習與邏輯性排序。每個句子僅使用學生之前學過的詞彙或漢字，且所有漢字皆為常用字（高頻字）。本書還收錄了特別適合語言學習者使用的實用語言內容，並分享關於中文與中華文化、禮儀、哲學、歷史與傳統等的重要知識。 全書依主題以清晰、連貫的邏輯方式編排，是一部完整的學習資源，適合 10 歲以上、從初學者至中級程度的學習者使用。 免費試覽 （僅限前 100 頁） 👉買《中文句樂步》課本，點這裡 讀本與練習冊 此外，還有一本相關的練習冊（製作中）以及一本故事讀本（已完成）。讀本透過有意義的文本與故事，幫助鞏固《中文句樂步》（MCSB, Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building）教材中所學的詞彙與漢字。主要的 MCSB 教材是為了列印而設計的, 而讀本可以在螢幕上閱讀或印出閱讀。 MCSB Quizlet 單字卡 Quizlet 是一個數位單字卡應用程式與網站（quizlet.com）。教材中的所有詞彙都已上傳至 Quizlet，學習者可在其中聽到標準發音，使用數位單字卡練習，並透過小遊戲加強記憶。Quizlet 不包含書中的文化知識與註解，但包含所有詞彙及大多數例句。Quizlet 最適合作為複習工具，幫助鞏固書中的內容；若學習者尚未擁有教材，也可單獨使用 Quizlet 學習。 加入連結：https://quizlet.com/join/8E4qsKPDu 或是在 Quizlet 網站搜尋框中輸入「Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building」，點擊「Classes（班級）」，選擇該班級後點「Request to join（請求加入）」即可。Quizlet 的單字集依建議學習順序編號——從最下方的第一組開始，依序往上學習。部分單字集用於練習聽力與口說（步驟 1），另一些用於練習漢字閱讀（步驟 2）。 更多有關如何使用 MCSB Quizlet 資源的說明，請參見本書前幾頁或 Quizlet 網站的「班級資訊」頁面。 關於本書的起源 多年前，我在英國伯明罕著名的 Brasshouse 語言學院教授中文。我的同事 Bernard
- [《中文句乐步》介绍](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/《中文句乐步》介绍/) - 课本介绍 《中文句乐步》教材能够让学习者快速进步，同时以语言作为获取文化知识的平台。本书灵感源自著名的 Michel Thomas 教学法，学习者通过引导式翻译，在有意义的句子中反复运用单词与汉字，实现最佳的重复练习与逻辑性排序。每个句子仅使用学生之前学过的词汇或汉字，且所有汉字皆为常用字（高频字）。本书还收录了特别适合语言学习者使用的实用语言内容，并分享关于中文与中华文化、礼仪、哲学、历史与传统等的重要知识。 全书依主题以清晰、连贯的逻辑方式编排，是一部完整的学习资源，适合 10 岁以上、从初学者至中级程度的学习者使用。 免费试览 （仅限前 100 页） 👉买《中文句乐步》课本，点这里 读本与练习册 此外，还有一本相关的练习册（制作中）以及一本故事读本（已完成）。读本透过有意义的文本与故事，帮助巩固《中文句乐步》（MCSB, Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building）教材中所学的词汇与汉字。主要的 MCSB 教材是为了打印而设计的, 而读本可以在屏幕上阅读或印出阅读 。 MCSB Quizlet 单字卡 Quizlet 是一个数字单字卡应用程序与网站（quizlet.com）。教材中的所有词汇都已上传至 Quizlet，学习者可在其中听到标准发音，使用数字单字卡练习，并透过小游戏加强记忆。Quizlet 不包含书中的文化知识与批注，但包含所有词汇及大多数例句。Quizlet 最适合作为复习工具，帮助巩固书中的内容；若学习者尚未拥有教材，也可单独使用 Quizlet 学习。 加入连结：https://quizlet.com/join/8E4qsKPDu 或是在 Quizlet 网站搜寻框中输入「Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building」，点击「Classes（班级）」，选择该班级后点「Request to join（请求加入）」即可。Quizlet 的单字集依建议学习顺序编号——从最下方的第一组开始，依序往上学习。部分单字集用于练习听力与口说（步骤 1），另一些用于练习汉字阅读（步骤 2）。 更多有关如何使用 MCSB Quizlet 资源的说明，请参见本书前几页或 Quizlet 网站的「班级信息」页面。 关于本书的起源 多年前，我在英国伯明翰著名的 Brasshouse 语言学院教授中文。我的同事 Bernard
- [Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building Books](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/mandarin-chinese-sentence-building-project/) - Textbook Introduction The Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building (MCSB) textbook enables learners to make rapid progress while using the language as a platform to gain cultural knowledge. Inspired by the famous Michel Thomas method, learners repeatedly use words and characters in meaningful sentences using guided translation with optimal repetition and logical sequencing. Each sentence only uses
- [Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building Reader Book, free previews, downloads & print versions 《中文句樂步》故事讀本, 免費試覽, 數位線上版和紙本)](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/mandarin-chinese-sentence-building/mandarin-chinese-sentence-building-reader-downloads-print-versions/) - PDF DOWNLOADS 可下載的PDF Easy payment & immediate download available in any country 在任何國家均可輕鬆付款並立即下載 MCSB Reader Book, simplified & traditional combined, PDF (£10) 《中文句樂步》故事讀本，簡繁結合版 （數位線上版）（10鎊）《中文句乐步》故事读本，简繁结合版 （数字在线版）（10镑）https://waylink.co.uk/downloads/mandarin-chinese-sentence-building-reader-book-pdf-download/Free preview 免費試覽 免费试览 MCSB Reader, traditional characters, PDF (£8) 《中文句樂步》故事讀本， 繁體字 （數位線上版）（8鎊）https://waylink.co.uk/downloads/mcsb-reader-story-book-traditional-characters-digital-online-edition/ MCSB Reader, simplified characters, PDF (£8)《中文句乐步》故事读本， 简体字（数位在线版）（8镑） https://waylink.co.uk/downloads/mcsb-reader-story-book-simplified-characters-digital-online-edition/ PRINTED PAPER VERSIONS (& FREE PREVIEWS)紙本版(包括免費試覽) Sent to your address
- [Example pages from the MCSB textbook](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/mandarin-chinese-sentence-building/example-pages-from-the-mcsb-textbook/) - Shown below is an excerpt from the textbook 'Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building' Shown below is an excerpt from the 'Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building' textbook. It combines English with Chinese that learners have encountered earlier in the book. Shown below is an excerpt from the 'Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building' textbook Shown below is an excerpt from
- [The tones in Mandarin](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/mandarin-chinese-sentence-building/the-tones-in-mandarin/)
- [The ''secret'' code to Taipei's road names](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/mandarin-chinese-sentence-building/the-secret-code-to-taipeis-road-names/)
- [Terms of address in Chinese](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/terms-of-address-in-chinese/) - Shown below is an excerpt from the 'Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building' textbook
- [Politeness Guidelines in Chinese Societies](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/politeness-guidelines-in-chinese-societies/) - Shown below is an excerpt from the textbook 'Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building'
- [How to learn characters](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/how-to-learn-characters/) - Below is an excerpt from the textbook 'Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building' Below is a more advanced guide which appears later in the same textbook
- [The 了 le particle](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/the-了-le-particle/) - Below is an excerpt from the 'Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building' textbook
- [Place words in Chinese](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/place-words-in-chinese/) - Shown below is an excerpt from the 'Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building' textbook
- [Teacher’s guide to using MCSB in class  老師的課堂上使用MCSB指南](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/teachers-guide-to-using-mcsb-in-class/) - (简体版本在这儿） The book can be used for in-class or online teaching and for self study also. Originally I made a series of materials based on the Michel Thomas method and when learners rated these materials higher than anything else we were doing in lessons I expanded on them and slowly the book naturally took shape.
- [Teacher’s guide to using MCSB in class 老师的课堂上使用MCSB指南](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/teachers-guide-to-using-mcsb-in-class-2/) - (繁體版本在這兒) The book can be used for in-class or online teaching and for self study also. Originally I made a series of materials based on the Michel Thomas method and when learners rated these materials higher than anything else we were doing in lessons I expanded on them and slowly the book naturally took shape.
- [In HK](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/in-hk/) - Download the above as a PDF HERE (includes the clickable links)
- [Teacher Adverts](https://waylink.co.uk/uncategorized/teacher-adverts/) - Mandarin Taipei, Taiwan (or online anywhere) NOTE: Luc is living in HK (on Lamma island) & often stays in Birmingham & Taipei as well. In the above places, private face to face lessons are possible either in your home, my apartment or in cafes. For groups we can use rented classrooms or office spaces. Online
- [Do we haggle or tip in Chinese society?](https://waylink.co.uk/mandarin-chinese/do-we-haggle-or-tip-in-chinese-society/) - Shown below is an excerpt from the 'Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building' textbook. It combines English with Chinese that learners have encountered earlier in the book.
- [Handy Learning Tricks & Methods](https://waylink.co.uk/vocabulary/handy-learning-tricks-methods/) - Using technology to aid Mandarin Chinese Learning
- [Presentations in the classroom](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/presentations-in-the-classroom/) - Students on many types of courses need to develop presentation skills so that they can confidently deliver briefings to a group audience. For some students, having presntational skills is vital to the course they are undertaking. For many, the presentation is a means to an end - a way of demonstrating their understanding of a
- [Sportives](https://waylink.co.uk/activities/sportive-cycling/) - (Upper-intermediate level vocabulary exercise adapted from an article The Guardian newspaper.) There are many keen cyclists in Europe. However, the gap between leisure riding and racing has been growing. To fill this gap, sportives have been developed to cater for cyclists who want serious - actions objections objectives developments but who cannot train every day of the year. The sportive principle
- [Classroom games for learning English](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/classroom-games-for-learning-english-2/) - Most teachers recognize that students learn best if they are highly motivated and use "active" learning methods. The difficult part is how to stimulate students to actively engage over a sustained period and not become bored or tired with routine written activities and repetitive learning activities. Classroom games have the potential to increase both the
- [Top 500 nouns](https://waylink.co.uk/vocabulary/top-500-nouns/) - Top 100 nounsTop 250 nouns -Top 500 nouns -Even more nouns! These lists show you which words are used most often. They give you examples of their correct use in phrases or sentences. Note that some words may be used as noun, verb, adjective etc. For definitions and more uses and different meanings of these words you
- [Top 250 nouns](https://waylink.co.uk/vocabulary/top-250-nouns/) - Top 100 nounsTop 250 nouns -Top 500 nouns -Even more nouns! These lists show you which words are used most often. They give you examples of their correct use in phrases or sentences. Note that some words may be used as noun, verb, adjective etc. For definitions and more uses and different meanings of these words you
- [Top 1000 nouns](https://waylink.co.uk/vocabulary/top-1000-nouns/) - Top 100 nounsTop 250 nouns -Top 500 nouns -Even more nouns! These lists show you which words are used most often. They give you examples of their correct use in phrases or sentences. Note that some words may be used as noun, verb, adjective etc. For definitions and more uses and different meanings of these words you
- [List of the top English common nouns](https://waylink.co.uk/vocabulary/list-of-the-top-english-common-nouns/) - Top 100 nounsTop 250 nouns -Top 500 nouns -Even more nouns! These lists show you which words are used most often. They give you examples of their correct use in phrases or sentences. Note that some words may be used as noun, verb, adjective etc. For definitions and more uses and different meanings of these words you
- [Thematic teaching](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/thematic-teaching/) - Sometimes an integrated approach that includes several different aspects of language learning set around a common theme is a refreshing and motivating approach for both the TESOL teacher and the student of English. The 'Thematic Learning' section in the Student Centre provides a series of reading passages and language exercises around specified themes. In this
- [Teaching Notes on 'Bloody men' by Wendy Cope](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/teaching-notes-on-bloody-men-by-wendy-cope/) - Poems provide excellent practice, lead to a significant amount of discussion, and can significantly improve the students speaking and reading skills. They are also excellent in helping to reinforce good intonation patterns and ensure that word stress is correctly placed. This poem is one that can be used very effectively with adults, and of course
- [Thematic teaching: Cadbury and Chocolate](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/thematic-teaching-cadbury-and-chocolate/) - These pages contain teaching materials and suggested classroom activities on the theme of the Cadbury family and chocolate at various levels of difficulty. The teachers' notes are provided in this this section and the related short passages and English exercises are in the 'Thematic learning: Chocolate' pages in the student section. Cadbury and Chocolate Possible
- [Giving presentations](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/giving-presentations/) - The ability to give an effective presentation to a group depends on careful attention to the following: the language of presentationsbeing preparedhaving knowledge of the audiencedemonstrating confidencehow to stand / body languageappropriate volume and tonewhere to look while presenting / eye contactuse of visual aids, particularly PowerPointplanning your presentationintroducing your presentationthe pace of your presentationdemonstrating
- [Icebreaker activity - This is me](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/icebreaker-activity-this-is-me/) - This is an excellent activity for the first day of a course because it gets the students relaxed and talking, and often laughing as well. After the normal preliminaries of the first day, this could be the first real activity. This works best with a small class of up to 10 maximum. The teacher will
- [Classroom activity - Partners](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/classroom-activity-partners/) - Before using this activity, the teacher will to take account of the age of the students and their cultural backgrounds. Materials needed: Bring in a selection of personal ads from a newspaper by men and women seeking a partner. Ask the class what they understand by the expression lonely hearts. Discuss. Explain.Would they consider placing
- [Role play with Business English](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/role-play-with-business-english/) - Role play can be a particularly effective way of providing practice for the participants on a business English course, and it is invariably popular. The participants may well be familiar with this approach from the business training courses they have completed. It involves the participants in taking on a role in the same way that
- [Simulation games with Business English](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/simulation-games-with-business-english/) - A simulation game is similar to role play except that in a simulation the participants are free to take their own decisions and are not directed in any way by constraints laid down on a role card. For example, in a role play activity, a participant may be asked to take on the role of
- [Teaching writing in English](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/teaching-writing-in-english/) - Here are some examples of writing activities that can be used in the TESOL classroom. Writing news reports
- [Lesson Planning - Writing a newspaper report](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/lesson-planning-writing-a-newspaper-report/) - Intermediate-level students Lesson Aim To develop the students' writing skills, specifically: organising ideasadopting an appropriate reporting styleusing appropriate tenses and vocabulary. Pre-task learning activities What types of daily newspapers do we have in the UK? What titles do you know? Which category do they fit in? What sorts of people read these newspapers? What newspapers
- [Forming Paragraphs in English](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/forming-paragraphs-in-english/) - TOPIC: Earth, Venus and Mars Class / Level: Intermediate Students: Adults / Young adults Date and time of lesson: Length of lesson: 40 minutes Number of students: 12 Lesson aim: To focus on linking words and practise paragraphing. New language: atmosphere; gravity; zone; greenhouse effect; Goldilocks, abundant; rule of thumb Assumptions: Students have done some previous work on paragraphing but are not
- [Paragraphing Practice](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/paragraphing-practice/) - TOPIC: Age difference in marriage Class / Level: Pre-intermediate Students: Adults / Young adults Date and Time of lesson: Length of lesson: 60 minutes Number of students: 12 Lesson aim: To practise paragraphing. New language: groom, vicar, registry office Assumptions: Students have done some previous work on paragraphing but are not yet competent in paragraphing their writing. Step 1: When is a good age
- [Teaching grammar](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/teaching-grammar/) - The pages that follow provide a collection of teaching material on a variety of themes starting with the Cadbury family and chocolate. Teachers are invited to pick and choose items that they feel might be appropriate for their class. Over time, further materials will be added so that eventually there is a wide collection of
- [Multi-word verbs (phrasal verbs)](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/multi-word-verbs-phrasal-verbs/) - Date: Class / Level : Intermediate Students: Adults / Young learners Time : Length of lesson : 40 minutes Number of students : 12 Lesson aim : To practise some multi-word verbs (phrasal verbs) New language : Assumptions : That the students have some experience of these verbs but are still not confident about using them. Note: The expression multi-word verbs is used more frequently
- [Poetry in the language classroom](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/poetry-in-the-language-classroom/) - Poetry has numerous uses and benefits in the English language-learning classroom. Besides adding to the range and variety of uses of English, poetry provides cultural insights and forms a basis of discussion. Poems are often thought-provoking and help teachers to break away from routine exercises; they are often humorous and add a motivational buzz to
- [Lesson based on a poem: After the Lunch](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/lesson-based-on-a-poem-after-the-lunch/) - Poems are a wonderful way of developing the students' general skills as well as improving their pronunciations, stress and intonation. They are particularly welcome at the end of the week, on Friday, towards the end of the morning, or perhaps the afternoon. If students are in intensive academic writing programmes poems are probably not going
- ['The Road Not Taken' - a poem by Robert Frost](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/the-road-not-taken-a-poem-by-robert-frost/) - This is one of Frost's most beautiful and evocative poems and it invariably is enjoyed by students from all over the world. This poem would be suitable for upper-intermediate students and above. Suggested steps: It's invariably a good idea to start with the title. This gets the students thinking about the content. Write it on
- [Summer with Monika](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/summer-with-monika/) - Summer with Monika by Roger McGough Poems are a wonderful way of developing the students' skills in pronunciation, stress and intonation. They are particularly welcome at the end of the week when something completely different might be considered. This poem is best used with adults rather than young people. It always raises a smile and
- [The Shipping News](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/the-shipping-news/) - Teacher's Notes on 'The Shipping News' These lesson planning notes for teachers are for use with the text of the article 'The Shipping News'.. Activity 1 Before reading the article, the topic of shipping containers needs to be introduced to the students. You can stimulate discussion by orally asking questions like those below: When we are
- [Smartphone Addiction](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/smartphone-addiction/) - Teachers' Notes on the smartphone article The Smartphone article and the learners' questions are in the Student Centre. Lesson outline: Level: Intermediate/upper-intermediate. Ideally, the teacher will record this passage before the lesson. Activity 1 (pre-reading) How did people communicate with each other at a distance a hundred years ago? What about fifty years ago? How about when you were
- [Teachers' notes on 'One third of homes dependent on benefits'](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/teachers-notes-on-one-third-of-homes-dependent-on-benefits/) - Teachers' Notes These lesson planning notes for teachers are for use with the text of the article entitled 'One third of homes dependent on benefits'. Pre-reading activities Activity 1 and 2 include questions that will help to provide background and context necessary for the detailed understanding of the article. The expression welfare support means payments and other benefits
- [Lesson planning notes for ’Thomas Edison’](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/lesson-planning-notes-for-thomas-edison/) - These lesson planning notes for teachers are for use with the text of the worksheet entitled ’Thomas Edison’ in the Student Centre. TOPIC: Thomas Edison Date: Class / Level: Intermediate Students: Adults / young adults Time: Length of lesson: 40 minutes Number of students: 12 Topic: Thomas Edison Lesson aims: To provide listening practice.To provide reading practice; specifically, ordering sentences
- [Teacher's notes on Environmental Challenges - A river ran through it - Part 1](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/teachers-notes-on-environmental-challenges-a-river-ran-through-it-part-1/) - These lesson planning notes for teachers are for use with the text of the article in the Student Centre 'A river ran through it' Part 1. (See also Part 2.) Activity 2 - Listening 1. Tell the class that you are going to play a short passage on climate change. Play a recording of the first 5
- [Teacher's notes on Environmental Challenges - A river ran through it - Part 2](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/teachers-notes-on-environmental-challenges-a-river-ran-through-it-part-2/) - These lesson planning notes for teachers are for use with the text of the newspaper article in the Student Centre 'A river ran through it' Part 2. (See also Part 1. B Listening activities 1. Tell the class that you are going to continue the passage on climate change. 2. Play a recording of the first 5
- [Gun Law in Texas](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/gun-law-in-texas-2/) - These lesson planning notes for teachers are for use with the text of the article 'Gun law in Texas'. Activity 1 Before reading the article itself, it is good to have some introductory verbal discussion with the students to introduce the topic and to encourage them to relate the topic to their own countries or other
- [Tuition Fees in English Universities](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/tuition-fees-in-english-universities/) - These teaching notes and learning activities are for use with the reading passage below. Activity 1 a) If your bus fares / train fares tripled, how would you feel? b) Look through the first three paragraphs and find one word which means much the same as triple. (treble) c) The government in England plans to
- [Climbing Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/climbing-mt-kilimanjaro-in-africa/) - These teachers' notes, activities and exercises for learners of English are based on the 'Mount Kilimanjaro reading passge' which is in the Students' section. Activity 1 1. What is the name of the highest mountain in the world? Where is it? How high is it? (Everest) 2. What is the highest freestanding mountain in the
- [Running Shoes](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/running-shoes-2/) - Teacher's Notes These lesson planning notes for teachers are for use with the text of the article entitled 'Running Shoes in the Students' Centre. Activity 1 - before reading the article, ask the students: What do you understand by the word 'trainers'? Do you wear them? When? Why? Do you ever wear them when you do sports?
- [Teacher's notes on the reading passage: 'Triathlon: The unholy trinity'](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/teachers-notes-on-the-reading-passage-triathlon-the-unholy-trinity/) - These notes for teachers are for use with the reading passage entitled 'Triathlon: The unholy trinity' with student exercises and questions. Completing sentences using words from list given. My friend was suffering from cardiovascular problems after completing the race and he was rushed to hospital.There is a short stretch of road near us which is notorious for bad accidents
- [Classroom games for learning English](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/classroom-games-for-learning-english/) - Most teachers recognize that students learn best if they are highly motivated and use "active" learning methods. The difficult part is how to stimulate students to actively engage over a sustained period and not become bored or tired with routine written activities and repetitive learning activities. Classroom games have the potential to increase both the
- [Word and sentence building](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/word-and-sentence-building/) - 1. Write a phrase on the board. The students then have to take it in turns to add extra words to make it into a longer and longer sentence. The trick is that it must always remain a coherent sentence. No words can be removed although they can be moved around to change the order.
- [Using photography in the classroom](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/using-photography-in-the-classroom/) - Teachers can use photography to make lessons both varied and interesting, while providing plenty of opportunities for language use. Students always enjoy using a camera in class and it can provide for a vast range of language opportunities. With digital cameras widely available, and opportunities for printing getting easier and easier, using a camera in
- [Picture stories](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/picture-stories/) - This activity can be done in class once adequate work on past tenses has been carried out. Tell the class that they are going to make up a story together.The teacher can decide whether or not to provide a title and/ or setting.Place one picture of a person on the board and ask one student
- [What is 'academic writing'?](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/what-is-academic-writing/) - Academic writing is a particular style of writing that is characteristic of academic institutions. In other words, it is the style that is used by undergraduates, graduates and lecturers when they explore particular academic questions in essays, dissertations, PhD theses and academic papers. Although it shares many similarities with other styles of writing, it also
- [Writing and speaking](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/writing-and-speaking/) - Fluent speakers of English (whether it is their first language, or a language that they speak very well) often assume that if they can speak English competently then they can write competently in English too. However, these are two very different skills. As children we acquire our native language through speaking and listening - skills
- [Reasons for writing](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/reasons-for-writing/) - People write less and less these days and the writing that many people do is often confined to text messages and emails. The former has its own characteristics and ‘rules’ and these are often very far removed from any formal writing. The latter often encourages a very informal style and many people take pleasure in
- [What is a sentence?](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/what-is-a-sentence/) - You might think this is a surprising question but in fact many students find it quite difficult to decide where to end a group of words with a full stop. In fact, it's not a very easy thing to define a sentence. Many grammarians have tried but there is some disagreement about precisely what a sentence is.
- [Clauses, phrases and sentence fragments](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/clauses-phrases-and-sentence-fragments/) - What is a phrase? Phrases are parts of sentences and they do not have a verb that has a tense. ……in the afternoon…… Once upon a time ……. …… under the settee. Having decided on a course of action, ….. What is a clause? A clause contains a subject and a verb that has a
- [Run-together sentences](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/run-together-sentences-2/) - Run-together sentences (or run-on sentences) are examples of sentences that should be divided up but have been written as if they are one sentence. Look at these two examples. Why do we describe them as run-together sentences? Foreign direct investment can help the development of a country it can also provide employment. An essay should
- [Spelling and punctuation](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/spelling-and-punctuation/) - Here is the first paragraph of a student's essay. Read it though carefully and decide whether it is a competent piece of writing. This essay will examine a number of issues relating to the growth of communism in China since 1900 and its later-day decline. In particular, we will explore the neo-feudal system that excited
- [Punctuation - The general use of commas](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/punctuation-the-general-use-of-commas/) - Although the use of commas might appear to be a small matter, in the context of a formal piece of writing they take on greater importance than normal. In this section we will look at the rules for their use. 1. We can use them to separate two independent clauses that are joined by words
- [Semi-colons and colons](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/semi-colons-and-colons/) - A semi-colon [;] is a bit like a 'soft' full stop; wherever you can place a semi-colon, you can also place a full-stop. The writer may decide to use a semi-colon when there is an extra piece of related information to give to the reader which is closely related to the sentence before, and which
- [Writing in a formal style: practice](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/writing-in-a-formal-style-practice/) - 1. Multi-word verbs: Consider this passage and then re-write it makingchanges where necessary Coal is expected to continue to account for almost 27% of the world's energy needs. However, awareness of pressures on the environment is building up and people have caught on to the need to achieve sustainable development in energy resources. The way
- [Planning and structuring your writing](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/planning-and-structuring-your-writing/) - Before you start writing you will need to ensure that you understand very clearly what the question is asking you to do. Once you've done that, you can start your planning. Remember that your plan need not be slavishly followed as your ideas may well change to some degree as you write your essay. As
- [Introduction to academic writing](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/introduction-to-academic-writing/) - If you are reading this, you are likely to be a student in a college on an undergraduate or post-graduate course. You may be a native speaker of English or English may be an additional language for you. When preparing your essays, you may have found difficulties with self-expression, essay structure, paragraphing, referencing, writing a
- [Writing a paragraph](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/writing-a-paragraph/) - Constructing clearly defined paragraphs is the key to a good essay. Paragraphs can be seen as being rather like the bricks in a wall. They are all interdependent but they are also independent units. They support each other but they have their own character. Every paragraph will have its own focus and this will be different from
- [Paragraph development](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/paragraph-development/) - In what ways can you develop your argument in the paragraphs? In academic writing, the writer must decide on the best way to present the information or the argument. Several approaches will be outlined here although, in practice, the approaches may overlap to some degree. 1. The paragraph might take the form of a comparison and/or contrast between two
- [Making links between paragraphs](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/making-links-between-paragraphs/) - It is important to provide links in your writing. When writing your sentences, try to link up one sentence with another. In the same way, when writing your paragraphs, try to link up one paragraph with another. This can take two forms: ending a paragraph with a sentence that leads forward to the next paragraph or starting the new
- [Quoting and referencing](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/quoting-and-referencing/) - There are two main reasons why we use source material in our writing: to support a particular point that we have just made in the body of the essay or dissertationto indicate to the reader that we have read and understood the literature that is relevant to the particular topic. We quote from a particular source when
- [Parallelism & consistency](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/parallelism-consistency/) - Parallelism is an important concept in writing. Ideas that are written in a parallel form are easier to read and understand. Ideas that are not written in parallel look strange, and are certainly inappropriate in academic writing. Look at these examples: He would rather swim than to jog for exercise.A lot of students attend Green
- [Laying out your page](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/laying-out-your-page/) - With such widespread use of computers it would be very unusual these days to write out your essay, although this is possible. Computers make drafting and revising your work so much easier that they are certainly the best tool to use. They also allow you to present your work in a more professional manner. It
- [Essay titles](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/essay-titles/) - Writing an academic essay can be divided into seven main stages: understanding what the title is asking you to doreading around the subject and making notesbrainstorming; collecting ideasplanningwriting your first draftrevising your writingcompleting the final draft, and handing it in! If you try to bypass one of these stages, or you don't give yourself adequate
- [Reading around the subject](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/reading-around-the-subject/) - When you are clear about what the essay title is asking you to do, the next task is to find relevant books and articles and do the necessary reading. It is very likely that your lecturer will have provided you with a list of references to refer to, however, do not limit yourself to just
- [Drafting and Revising](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/drafting-and-revising/) - The process of creating written text that expresses precisely what you want to say takes time, and academic writing is no exception. Some students tempt fate by starting to think about the essay that has to be in on Monday, sometime around Friday evening. Apart from the occasional genius amongst us, for most students, this
- [Non-sexist academic writing](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/non-sexist-academic-writing/) - What do we mean by sexist language? Basically, it's using language in a way that suggests that, for example, that one sex is more important than another, or that particular occupations are better suited to one sex or the other. For example: using he when you are referring to an individual who could equally well be a shereferring
- [Plagiarism](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/plagiarism/) - It is most important for you to be very careful to avoid plagiarism in your writing. What exactly is plagiarism? Basically, it is passing off someone else's writing as your own. It means taking someone else's words and pretending that they are your own. In its most serious form, it is simply copying someone else's work, word
- [Subjects and objects in a sentence](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/subjects-and-objects-in-a-sentence/) - We will now look more closely at the ways in which words and phrases are grouped together and ordered within clauses and sentences to convey a particular meaning. The main elements To begin this section, we will, first of all, examine the two most vital parts of the clause structure and then move on to
- [Passive constructions](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/passive-constructions/) - All of the example sentences that we have considered up to this point have been in what is known as the active voice. However, this ignores a major type of sentence construction that is sometimes used in speaking, but is more frequently met in the written language - this construction is called the passive. Look
- [Gerunds](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/gerunds/) - People can sometimes get a little confused about what a gerund is and this is perhaps because the same word can be described in different ways. Look at these sentences. How is the word driving being used in each case? We are driving to Bristol in the morning.We were driving in the rain when the accident happened.I
- [Modal auxiliary verbs](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/modal-auxiliary-verbs/) - Modals are a very complex area of English grammar, so in this quick guide we will not be able to go into much detail, but we will at least get an overall idea of what their function is in a sentence. In an earlier section of this guide we looked at how the verb phrase
- [Talking about the future](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/talking-about-the-future/) - Expressing the future time in English is particularly fraught with problems not only because there are so many different forms to choose from, but also because the distinction between them is not always clear. Will Form There should be no problem in making this particular form of the future tense since will does not change with the
- [Talking about the past](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/talking-about-the-past/) - These notes cover the following tenses in English grammar: Past simplePresent Perfect TensesPast ContinuousPast Perfect Simple Past Simple Form The regular form is verb +ed although of course there are many irregular verbs in English; for example, think/thought; come/came; drive/drove; spin/spun; write/wrote. We need to introduce the auxiliary verb did into Past Simple negative sentences and questions, so he
- [Talking about the present](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/talking-about-the-present/) - These notes cover the following tenses in English grammar: Present simplePresent continuousPresent perfect simplePresent perfect continuous Present Simple Form The construction of this tense is shown in the table below. Meanings In general terms, the Present Simple is used to describe permanent and repeated events or actions. So, facts, habits and routines are often expressed
- [Verb tenses in English grammar](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/verb-tenses-in-english-grammar/) - In this part we will be looking at the various verb forms that we use to talk about present, past and future time - these verb forms are called tenses. We will also be looking at the meanings of these tenses and the differences between them. The tenses can be used to refer to more than
- [What's an auxiliary verb?](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/whats-an-auxiliary-verb/) - Verbs are also helpful in a number of other ways, which are not so obvious. There are also auxiliary or 'helping' verbs that are used in a variety of ways. The main auxiliary verbs are be, have and do. They are used with main verbs to make specific tenses:He is coming. present continuousShe wasn't driving. past continuousWe haven't seen an eclipse before. present perfectShe had dropped her keys. past perfectThe verb be +
- [The main verb in English sentences](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/the-main-verb-in-english-sentences/) - Look at the main verbs in the following sentences: They always wait for the 6 o'clock train.Every day the dog waits for the postman.I am waiting for a friend.We waited for three hours. Notice that there are only four possible forms of the lexical verb wait: The base form, wait, which is the word you would look up in a dictionary. This is sometimes also called the bare infinitive (the infinitive of an
- [The Verb in English grammar](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/the-verb-in-english-grammar/) - In the previous sections we noted that the verb is central to the English clause and that it is a word which describes an 'action' of some sort. But there are also other types of verbs. Would you, for example, categorise become, smell, resemble and possess as 'action' verbs? Clearly we need a more accurate and extended definition of a verb
- [Adjectives](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/adjectives/) - We often want or need to give more information about a noun, about its qualities or characteristics, or we simply want to describe it in more detail. To modify nouns we use adjectives. Adjectives are usually found in one of two positions in a sentence, in attributive position - directly before the noun:a tall buildingan entertaining night outthe
- [Prepositions](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/prepositions/) - Nouns frequently occur in longer phrases with prepositions. These are very common words, but it is difficult to give a set of features by which we can recognise a preposition in a sentence. They are often short words like of, at, in, by, over, past, but can also be longer or even a number of separate words, with
- [Quantifiers](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/quantifiers/) - It might be better to begin this section on quantifiers by looking at a few of them and to see how they operate with nouns. In the list that follows a Yes indicates the type of noun(s) that the quantifier generally can be used with (there are, as so often with English, obscure exceptions). As before, U
- [Definite indefinite articles](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/definite-indefinite-articles/) - It is almost impossible to discuss the noun phrase without referring at some stage to the class of words known as determiners, since more often than not a noun will occur with one or more words from this grammatical class. Determiners includes Articles (a/an, the) and Quantifiers. Determiners consist of a relatively small number of mainly grammatical
- [Grammar: who and whom](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/grammar-who-and-whom/) - Languages change all the time and it may be that English is changing more rapidly than other languages because it's so widely used around the world. You only have to think of the vast growth of words related to computers over the last 20 years to see clear evidence of rapid change. However, grammatical words
- [Some, any and no article](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/some-any-and-no-article/) - (Grammar Practice Worksheet.) We use some with countable or uncountable nouns to refer to a relatively small number or amount. We use this word to indicate the number or amount in a general way. The number or amount is not stated because we don't know what it is, or we don't really mind what it is. The
- [Less and Fewer (Notes)](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/less-and-fewer-notes/) - (Grammar Practice Worksheet.) Both of these words 'less' and 'fewer' refer to an amount or number that is small in comparison with another amount or number that is understood from the context or the sentence. These two words are often mixed up by learners and by some native speakers as well! We use less with uncountable nouns.
- [Adverbials in English grammar](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/adverbials-in-english-grammar/) - Normally there can be only one Subject, one Verb, one Object and one Complement per clause. This is not the case with Adverbials, however, which can occur an indefinite number of times in one clause. The Adverbials in the sentence below are shown in bold: Fred had climbed /with some difficulty /into the train /on
- [Reported speech](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/reported-speech/) - Many grammar books and teaching course books resort to tables of the following kind to show the differences between what is called direct and reported speech and how the two are connected. The most widely used verbs in reported speech that introduce what someone said are say and tell. Choosing which one to use is a question of whether the person who
- [Conditional sentences](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/conditional-sentences/) - The most common kind of conditional sentence that you are likely to meet will contain two clauses, one of which will start with the word if, as in If it rains, we'll have to stay at home. The clause without the if is the main clause of the sentence, while the if clause is subordinate. The order of the two clauses
- [The Complement](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/the-complement/) - The Complement can often be confused with the Object. While the Subject and Object of a clause, in the vast majority of cases, refer to different entities, the Complement gives more information about either the Subject or the Object. As with the Subject and Object elements, there is only one grouping or phrase which is
- [Morphemes in English grammar](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/morphemes-in-english-grammar/) - Morphemes may be elements of a word which you have not met before. An example is probably the best way to introduce this concept. We will begin with the lexical item nation and develop the notion of morpheme from there. nationnation-alinter-nation-alinter-nation-al-iseinter-nation-al-is-ation So, in the above example, nation, -al, inter-, -ise, and -ation are all morphemes. By adding small units of meaning
- [Relative clauses](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/relative-clauses/) - A relative clause gives extra information about nouns - how exactly does it do this? Unlike an adjective, which in English comes before the noun, relative clauses always follow the noun that they are defining or describing. In the following examples, the whole relative clause is in bold: I enjoyed the concert that we went to
- [Clauses in English Grammar](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/clauses-in-english-grammar/) - Look at the sentences below. When I heard the disturbance, I dropped the files that I had been examining, then ran out into the corridor.I let the door slip from my fingers and it closed behind me. In the first sentence it appears that there are as many as four separate segments which look like
- [Phrases in English grammar](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/phrases-in-english-grammar/) - A phrase can consist of just one word, but usually it will contain more than one. Examples include: the unseen intruderthe files that I had been examiningthe chance to clear my namecouldn't believehad lostQuite carelesslyabout midnightfrom my fingersBecause of this one stupid mistake The most important point about phrases is that they do not include verbs that can
- [Word classes in English grammar](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/word-classes-in-english-grammar/) - The verb A group of words cannot be described as a sentence or a clause unless at least one of the words is a verb. In some ways, we can describe it as the most important part of speech because it is the 'action' word that tells the listener or reader what is happening in
- [Words and morphemes in English grammar](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/words-and-morphemes-in-english-grammar/) - What is a word? What precisely is a word? At first glance you may find it easy to find many examples of what would unambiguously constitute a 'word', for instance: you, the, those, some, hers, them, luck, irritation, large, conspicuously, hide, chemical, preference, of, at, from and similar examples. Are these English words? dilly-dallyrose-tintedeavesdropperglockenspielsplendiferoussupacalifragilisticexpialidocious If I were to say The girl over there
- [The slave traders who deal in misery so we can eat chocolate](https://waylink.co.uk/themes/the-slave-traders-who-deal-in-misery-so-we-can-eat-chocolate/) - Upper-intermediate / advanced level Chocolate instantly conjures associations with good things. In this country, that means much more than the self-indulgent pleasure of eating it; there's an entire philosophy of doing good, begun more than 200 years ago and still expressed today in the Bourneville Estate and the work of the Rowntree Trust. The great
- [Chocolate and world development issues](https://waylink.co.uk/themes/chocolate-and-world-development-issues/) - (Photos - Fairtrade Foundation) Students may be interested in exploring the links between chocolate and development in under-funded countries, such as those in Africa that grow cocoa beans. There are numerous relevant websites such as: Fairtrade (www.fairtrade.org.uk)Oxfam (www.oxfam.org.uk)The Co-operative (www.co-op.co.uk)The Guardian (www.guardian.co.uk)The Independent (www.independent.co.uk) The sites will lead on to other sites which the students can
- [Labour Relations](https://waylink.co.uk/themes/labour-relations/) - Intermediate level The Cadburys were pioneers in employee welfare and labour relations, setting standards which other enlightened employers adopted. George Cadbury believed that if each man has his own home, a garden to cultivate and peaceful surroundings then there was a better opportunity for a long healthy happy life for him and his family, and
- [Bournville Village Trust](https://waylink.co.uk/themes/bournville-village-trust/) - (Pre-intermediate / intermediate.) If used with pre-intermediate students, the paragraphs could be dealt with in pairs rather than presenting the students with a long passage of text. The Cadbury family manufactured high-quality chocolate, but this was not their only ambition. They were also a family who wanted to improve the lives of the people who
- [Cadburys' Social Concerns](https://waylink.co.uk/themes/cadburys-social-concerns/) - (Intermediate level.) For a considerable time, the Cadbury family were prominent both in the life of the city of Birmingham, England, and in the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). They tried to put Quaker beliefs into practice, such as that of human equality before God. Even the choice of chocolate as a line of business
- [The growth of Cadbury's](https://waylink.co.uk/themes/the-growth-of-cadburys/) - (Intermediate level passage and exercises.) By the turn of the century, the new factory employed some 2,500 workers. Cadbury's was not just an ordinary factory. Far ahead of its time, and under the direction of George Cadbury, the workers were provided with housing, education and training. Pension schemes for employees and medical facilities ensured a
- [Chocolate Bars from Birmingham](https://waylink.co.uk/themes/chocolate-bars-from-birmingham-2/) - (Pre-Intermediate level) The first chocolate was enjoyed by Mayan and Aztec people in Central and South America hundreds of years ago. In those days, the people did not really eat chocolate; the cocoa bean was used to make a chocolate drink that the people enjoyed very much. Much later, the cocoa bean was brought across to Europe,
- [Cadbury chocolate in Birmingham](https://waylink.co.uk/themes/cadbury-chocolate-in-birmingham/) - Pre-intermediate / Intermediate level reading text Cadbury's as we know it today started from small beginnings in Bull Street, Birmingham. A shop was opened by John Cadbury in 1824. It did not start as a confectionery shop but sold tea and coffee and home made drinking chocolate or cocoa which he made himself for his
- [The origins of chocolate](https://waylink.co.uk/themes/the-origins-of-chocolate/) - Intermediate level reading activity. There are various activities and English exercises after the passage below. The origins of chocolate can be traced back to the ancient Maya and Aztec civilisations in Central America who first enjoyed a much-prized spicy drink 'chocolatl', made from roasted cocoa beans. Chocolate was exclusively for drinking until the early Victorian
- [Vocabulary Activity](https://waylink.co.uk/activities/vocabulary-activity/) - Read the article and then use words from the article to complete the sentences below. 1. There is a healthy - double whammy margin partial ban predict split in favour of the change in the rules. 2. The day that the phone call was made across the Atlantic was a - double whammy exempt historic illiberal margin partial ban occasion. 3. Students are - exempt historic illiberal partial ban split from some of the taxes that they
- [Chocolate Bars from Birmingham](https://waylink.co.uk/activities/chocolate-bars-from-birmingham/) - (Pre-Intermediate level) Read this article and answer the questions below. The first chocolate was enjoyed by Mayan and Aztec people in Central and South America hundreds of years ago. In those days, the people did not really eat chocolate; the cocoa bean was used to make a chocolate drink that the people enjoyed very much.
- [The Incas](https://waylink.co.uk/activities/the-incas/) - (Upper-Intermediate level vocabulary exercise.) In the north-west of South America lies Peru. This is a land where the Incas built up their civilisation and their cities hundreds of years ago. The land they controlled stretched 2,500 miles from north to south along the coast. Their civilization - happened lived flourished built from about 1200 to 1532, when it was destroyed by
- [Supermarket Advertisement](https://waylink.co.uk/activities/supermarket-advertisement/) - (Upper intermediate level vocabulary exercise.) Welcome to paradise, otherwise known as the Maldives, where Ibrahim Mohamed earns his - living life lifetime way catching tuna in much the same way as his father and grandfather before him. At first glance, fishing from a small boat with a pole and line may seem a - hopelessly incredibly ridiculously interestingly outdated way to catch tuna for a British supermarket.
- [Quinine](https://waylink.co.uk/activities/quinine/) - (Intermediate level vocabulary exercise.) In 1638, in the palace in Lima, Peru, a rich young woman lay very ill. She was the wife of the Viceroy, appointed by the King in Spain. The young woman had malaria and she drifted between hot dry fevers, shivering and shaking with cold, and then sweating heavily. The family
- [Protect the Environment](https://waylink.co.uk/activities/protect-the-environment/) - British MP David Miliband talking about one of his constituents. (Intermediate level vocabulary exercise) I first met Kirstie in February. I'd come to South Shields for a constituency day and saw in my diary "5:15 Kirstie Hart. She wants to talk about the environment." It was supposed to be a 15-minute appointment. She stayed quite
- [Dangerous driving](https://waylink.co.uk/activities/dangerous-driving/) - This is a lower intermediate level activity. I was cycling to work on Monday when a car nearly - knocked pressed pulled kicked me over. I nearly fell off my bicycle. I followed the car. It could not go - suddenly carefully quickly slowly because there were many other cars. Then I was behind it. I banged on the roof. Suddenly, I saw the - letters word write title Police on the side
- [Modern Humans](https://waylink.co.uk/activities/modern-humans/) - By about 30,000 years ago, modern humans had spread to almost all parts of the world. They were almost exactly the same as people of today, - so with although since a little shorter. These people lived mainly by hunting. They caught antelope, rabbits, pigs, elephants, birds and - other another some all animals. Some of the animals they killed were - quite always anyway surprise large. This shows that the people must
- [Colon and semi-colon](https://waylink.co.uk/punctuation/colon-and-semi-colon/) - The colon ( : ) is most regularly used to start a list of some sort. We bought quite a few things for the party: balloons, drinks, cakes and biscuits.There were representatives from three countries: Canada, Mexico and Bolivia. This is by far the most common use of the colon. We can also use a colon
- [Punctuation - Quotation marks](https://waylink.co.uk/punctuation/punctuation-quotation-marks/) - Quotation marks are used to demonstrate very clearly which words are being spoken (or were spoken) and which parts of the sentences are merely description. “I hear she’s having an extra-marital affair,” said the postman. In this sentence, I hear she’s having an extra-marital affair are the words actually spoken by the postman and we also have
- [Punctuation - Hyphens and hypenation](https://waylink.co.uk/punctuation/punctuation-hyphens-and-hypenation/) - Hyphens can often cause writers problems and it’s easy to see why. Consider the difference between these where in the first case we are talking about the quality of the object whereas in the second we are referring to the delicate nature of the thread or the teeth.: a fine silk dress v. a fine-silk
- [Apostrophes](https://waylink.co.uk/punctuation/apostrophes/) - Apostrophes have two functions: to indicate ownership (John's pen)to indicate where some letters have been missed out, and these are called contractions (They're driving down tomorrow.) Look at these examples and decide why the apostrophe is there: It's very hot today.I'm exhausted, and ready for bed.The government's view has been clearly stated many times.Don't ask
- [Defining and non-defining clauses](https://waylink.co.uk/punctuation/defining-and-non-defining-clauses/) - Commas are very important with a special group of clauses which are called essential and non-essential clauses, also called defining and non-defining clauses. With essential and non-essential clauses it is important to use commas correctly because different uses can change the meaning of the sentence. Essential clauses identify the person or thing that is being
- [Sentences and clauses](https://waylink.co.uk/punctuation/sentences-and-clauses/) - Some people find it quite difficult to decide where to end a group of words with a full stop. What, in practical terms, is a sentence? A written sentence should have certain characteristics: a capital letter at the beginninga full-stop at the enda subject (who or what the sentence is about)a verb (that tells you
- [Run-together sentences](https://waylink.co.uk/punctuation/run-together-sentences/) - Run-together sentences (or run-on sentences) are examples of sentences that should be divided up into two sentences but have been written as if they are one sentence. Writing sentences like this is a common mistake. Look at these two examples. Why do we describe them as run-together sentences? The corner-shop near us sells groceries and
- [How to use commas in English writing](https://waylink.co.uk/punctuation/how-to-use-commas-in-english-writing/) - Commas are a bit of a curiosity in writing because some people seem to use them very regularly while others never appear to use them at all. Not surprisingly, both approaches are wrong. The comma is an important element of punctuation which is required in some circumstances and highly desirable in others. There are, however,
- [Punctuation - Full stops (Periods)](https://waylink.co.uk/punctuation/punctuation-full-stops-periods/) - The end of every sentence must be marked with a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark. Some people are unsure where a sentence ends and may mistakenly leave them out. For example, in this collection of words, there must be a full stop after news. He was astounded at the news he didn’t know
- [Punctuation - Capital Letters](https://waylink.co.uk/punctuation/punctuation-capital-letters/) - Capital letters are very important but nowadays they are being left out more and more frequently. One reason is that because people do not use capital letters in their email address, they sometimes wrongly believe that it is acceptable to leave them out of a postal address. It is not unusual for employers to receive
- [Similes and figurative expressions in English](https://waylink.co.uk/vocabulary/similes-and-figurative-expressions-in-english/) - Similes (Pronounced: simi-leez) English is rich with figurative expressions which add colour, vivid imagery and perhaps emotion to a sentence. Along with metaphors, similes are used to compare the characteristics of a person or thing with someone else or something else. It may be helpful to think of a simile as a "fully-stated" comparison: someone/something
- [Metaphors and metaphorical expressions in English](https://waylink.co.uk/vocabulary/metaphors-and-metaphorical-expressions-in-english/) - Metaphors (Pronounced: meta-forz) Many English words have both literal and metaphorical or figurative meanings. The literal meaning of a word is its most widely used sense. The metaphorical meaning is figurative - it expresses an idea by referring to something else in a non-literal way. Metaphors help us to express our understanding of the world
- [Example phrases](https://waylink.co.uk/vocabulary/example-phrases/) - Type the word that you want to find. Find: (textbox) Examples:
- [English words that often get confused](https://waylink.co.uk/vocabulary/english-words-that-often-get-confused/) - Sometimes people get words confused because they look or sound similar; some are confused because they are rarely used or because people hear other people misusing them. We have 110 items in the database. abdicate / abrogate To abdicate means that a monarch resigns from office, e.g. The king abdicated in favour of his son. The word abrogate means
- [Simply News 6: U.S. Carmakers welcome tighter emission standards](https://waylink.co.uk/simply-news/simply-news-6-u-s-carmakers-welcome-tighter-emission-standards/) - Source: Yahoo Cash-strapped U.S. automakers took a U-turn and welcomed a move by President Barack Obama to potentially tighten emissions standards in the hope that it will free up research funds and simplify a patchwork of US regulations. Obama on Monday ordered the Environmental Protection Agency to reconsider its rejection of an attempt by California
- [Simply News 5: Development project in Uganda: One year on](https://waylink.co.uk/simply-news/simply-news-5development-project-in-uganda-one-year-on/) - Source of article: Guardian.co.uk. New school buildings, boreholes sunk, wells repaired, village health teams trained, mosquito nets distributed, community finance schemes established and £615,649 raised through donations. A year after the launch of the Katine project, we've seen some significant achievements. But it's not been an easy 12 months. In fact, the past year has
- [Simply News 4: Five held over Olympic ticket fraud](https://waylink.co.uk/simply-news/simply-news-4-five-held-over-olympic-ticket-fraud/) - Source of article: Yahoo, ITN Five people have been arrested in connection with a fraud involving tickets for music and sports events, including the Beijing Olympics. Thousands of Britons, including the parents of double Olympic champion Rebecca Adlington, paid out for tickets that never arrived, the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) said. Four men aged 41,
- [Simply News 3: Own stem cells save woman's lung](https://waylink.co.uk/simply-news/simply-news-3-own-stem-cells-save-womans-lung/) - Article source: Yahoo / Press Association. A woman has become the first person in the world to be given an entirely laboratory-engineered organ in a landmark operation that could change the face of transplant surgery. Claudia Castillo's own stem cells were used to create an artificial airway which replaced the bronchus to her left lung
- [Simply News 2: Teen sets sail on solo round-the-world voyage](https://waylink.co.uk/simply-news/simply-news-2-teen-sets-sail-on-solo-round-the-world-voyage/) - Source: Yahoo News. A 16-year-old set sail from Portsmouth harbour on Saturday in a bid to become the youngest person to sail solo around the world. Michael Perham, who became the youngest person to cross the Atlantic alone when he was 14, left Portsmouth at 11:10 am aboard a 50-foot (15-metre) yacht, his spokesman Kizzi
- [Simply News 1: Attack on war veteran - 16 bailed](https://waylink.co.uk/simply-news/simply-news-1-attack-on-war-veteran-16-bailed/) - Source: Yahoo News. Sixteen people arrested in connection with the assault of an elderly war veteran and his wife have been bailed, police have said. Bob Schofield, 89, was left bloodied and bruised after confronting intruders who broke into his house in Salterforth, Lancashire. Mr Schofield was asleep with his wife Mollie, 87, when the
- [Triathlon: The unholy trinity](https://waylink.co.uk/reading/triathlon-the-unholy-trinity/) - Swimming, cycling, running - the triathlon produces such amazing fitness benefits that there's an explosion in the event's popularity. by Alex Wade (The Independent) You will find questions and exercises after the article. I can remember the feeling of elation as if it were yesterday. I had just completed the Perranporth Triathlon - an event
- [Reading passage: Climbing Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa](https://waylink.co.uk/reading/reading-passage-climbing-mt-kilimanjaro-in-africa/) - This article is used in the questions and learning activities that follow. Mt. Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa and the tallest freestanding mountain in the world. The highest point, Uhuru Peak, rises to an altitude of 5,895 m (19,341 ft) above sea level. There is snow and ice at the top throughout the
- [Running Shoes](https://waylink.co.uk/reading/running-shoes/) - This article is used in the questions and learning activities that follow. There are many English words around the world for sports shoes: plimsoles (or plimsolls), trainers, joggers, sneakers, tackies, keds, sandshoes, gutties, canvers are just a few of them. The name plimsoll was widely used in England to refer to a rubber-soled shoe intended
- [Gun Law in Texas](https://waylink.co.uk/reading/gun-law-in-texas/) - This newspaper article is used in the questions and learning activities that follow. Aficionados of Hollywood Westerns know all about the legal code that says "shoot first, ask questions later". But now, Republican legislators in Texas - spiritual home of the six-shooter and a John Wayne-style frontier spirit - want to enshrine the principle into
- [Worksheet - 'The Shipping News'](https://waylink.co.uk/reading/worksheet-the-shipping-news/) - The fate of the MSC Napoli, which beached off the coast of Devon in January 2007, serves as a reminder that ordinary people never think about shipping containers except when things go wrong. The Napoli has caused an environmental crisis (200 tonnes of oil have leaked into surrounding waters), and led to a realisation that
- [Smoking ban in all English pubs and clubs](https://waylink.co.uk/reading/smoking-ban-in-all-english-pubs-and-clubs/) - In 2007, MPs in the UK voted by a huge margin to ban smoking from all public places including pubs and private members' clubs in England. The Commons decided by a margin of 200 to impose a ban on smoking in all enclosed public spaces. This law took effect on 1 July 2007. Health Secretary
- [Environmental Challenges. A river ran through it - Part 2](https://waylink.co.uk/reading/environmental-challenges-a-river-ran-through-it-part-2/) - Level: Upper-Intermediate / Advanced This adapted newspaper article is used in the questions and learning activities that follow. This is a continuation of the passage on climate change (see Part 1). The River Murray used to be compared to America's Mississippi. During the 19th century, paddle steamers were a familiar sight along its lazy green-grey currents,
- [Environmental Challenges. A river ran through it - Part 1](https://waylink.co.uk/reading/environmental-challenges-a-river-ran-through-it-part-1/) - Level: Upper-Intermediate / Advanced This adapted newspaper article is used in the questions and learning activities that follow. This passage on climate change is continued in Part 2. If you have access to a recording of the passage, you should listen to it several times before reading the text and answering the written questions. The Murray
- [Worksheet "Thomas Edison"](https://waylink.co.uk/reading/worksheet-thomas-edison/) - Thomas Edison 1847-1931 Thomas Edison was born on 11 February 1847. He was one of the outstanding geniuses of technology and he obtained patents for more than one thousand inventions including the electric light bulb, the record player and an early type of film projector. He also created the world's first industrial research laboratory. He
- [Facebook and Twitter fuel iPhone and BlackBerry addiction, says Ofcom.](https://waylink.co.uk/reading/facebook-and-twitter-fuel-iphone-and-blackberry-addiction-says-ofcom/) - Regulator says half of British teenagers and 25% of adults now have smartphones as sales outstrip regular mobiles. This article is used in the questions and learning activities that follow. Ofcom (the UK government communications regulator) says one in three adults, and most teenagers, classify themselves as highly addicted to their smartphones such as iPhones,
- ['One third of homes dependent on benefits'](https://waylink.co.uk/reading/one-third-of-homes-dependent-on-benefits/) - This newspaper article is used in the questions and learning activities that follow. One in three households across Britain is now dependent on the state for at least half its income, it emerged today. Official government figures indicate that more than seven million households are getting most of their income from government welfare payments. The

## Pages

- [Welcome to Waylink Language Resources!](https://waylink.co.uk/) - Waylink is the website if you are interested in learning and teaching English or Mandarin and has a wealth of useful information for teachers and learners! There are also materials for university students with valuable practice activities on Academic Writing. Waylink has a wealth of materials for learning and teaching English and Mandarin! notes on punctuation. academic
- [Reading Passages](https://waylink.co.uk/reading/) - This section provides various reading passages with substantial exercises based on the passage. The exercises cover vocabulary and the use of expressions in context. TIMELESS ARTICLES & TEXTS (STILL RELEVANT TODAY) A mountain to climb (about mount Kilimanjaro in Africa) Running shoes (this history of 'trainers') Thomas Edison (brief biography) Triathlon (information) English articles from
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- [Vocabulary](https://waylink.co.uk/vocabulary/) - Here you will find word lists, explanations, exercises and games based on English vocabulary. Some are graded from easier to harder. Some exercises are interactive and some for printing off as worksheets. Example Phrases Metaphors Similes Top 100 Nouns Top 250 nouns Top 500 nouns Top 1000 nouns Words Often Confused
- [Teacher Centre](https://waylink.co.uk/teaching/) - This section has English-teaching materials that are useful for teachers of English. In this section, you will find lesson planning notes and suggestions for classroom activities. There is examination guidance for international students of English. The links to journal articles provide useful and interesting exploration of ideas about teaching English, classroom methods, student motivation, games, learning styles, etc. You will also find the notes
- [Contact Waylink](https://waylink.co.uk/contact/) - Waylink English welcomes enquiries and comments about this website. Please include your name and email address so that we can reply quickly.
- [Thematic learning](https://waylink.co.uk/themes/) - Waylink English presents packages of passages, exercises and other activities all based around a particular topic or theme. The topics are chosen to appeal to a wide audience and different types of learner but generally they have a social, historical, artistic, environmental, technical or other context that resonates with learners. The thematic learning passages and
- [English grammar](https://waylink.co.uk/grammar/) - The Waylink Guide to English Grammar This guide to English grammar explains clearly what verbs, nouns, adjectives, prepositions are and how they are used in the English language. The explanations are authoritative and detailed enough to provide a deeper understanding of the way that English grammar works, particularly relevant to the work of TESOL/TEFL teachers
- [Punctuation](https://waylink.co.uk/punctuation/) - Correct punctuation is often neglected but it is vitally important for good English and clarity of meaning. Here are some basic notes, tips and exercises on many different aspects of English punctuation. There are also some more advanced discussions and comparisons with punctuation conventions in different language cultures and different parts of the English-speaking world
- [Simply News](https://waylink.co.uk/simply-news/) - Here are some simple news reports and short stories. They are genuine news stories, sometimes slightly adapted, using standard current English. The language used is basic but accurate modern English. They will help you to practise your English reading skills and improve your use of English. After each story, there are notes explaining particular words
- [Academic Writing](https://waylink.co.uk/academic-writing/) - This section provides notes and reference materials for people who write for academic purposes. This includes students who need to write school and college essays in good clear formal or semi-formal English as well as university students working on essays, term papers, dissertations, theses and so on. Students and teachers often find the requirements of
- [Interactive Activities](https://waylink.co.uk/activities/) - These are interactive quizzes, multiple-choice exercises and other activities. You can do these online and get immediate feedback to reinforce your learning and recognize your achievement.

## Downloads

- [MCSB reader story book, simplified characters (Digital online edition)](https://waylink.co.uk/downloads/mcsb-reader-story-book-simplified-characters-digital-online-edition/) - Each text is shown in multiple formats and is suitable for reading on screen. If printing then do soselectively and do not press ‘print all’!Formats:1. Simplified & traditional character combination text with Mandarin Building character readingpractice – characters already learned have no phonetics above, phonetics appear for extra newwords only.Formats 2 to 4 (below) in
- [MCSB reader story book, traditional characters (Digital online edition)](https://waylink.co.uk/downloads/mcsb-reader-story-book-traditional-characters-digital-online-edition/) - Each text is shown in multiple formats and is suitable for reading on screen. If printing then do so selectively and do not press ‘print all’!Formats: 1. Simplified & traditional character combination text with Mandarin Building character readingpractice - characters already learned have no phonetics above, phonetics appear for extra new words only.Formats 2 to
- [Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building Reader Book PDF Download (simplified & traditional combined)](https://waylink.co.uk/downloads/mandarin-chinese-sentence-building-reader-book-pdf-download/) - Download a digital file of the Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building Reader book for only £10 (pounds sterling) by clicking the 'checkout' button below. This reader book can be used alongside the main textbook: Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building (MCSB). The texts & stories in this reader reinforce the words & characters already learned in the MCSB
- [Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building Reader Book (simplified and traditional combined)](https://waylink.co.uk/downloads/mandarin-chinese-sentence-building-reader-book-simplified-and-traditional-combined/) - Download a digital file of the Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building Reader book for only £10 by clicking the 'checkout' button below. This reader book can be used alongside the main textbook: Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building (MCSB). The texts & stories in this reader reinforce the words & characters already learned in the MCSB textbook. This

## Categories

- [Uncategorized](https://waylink.co.uk/./uncategorized/)
- [Reading](https://waylink.co.uk/./reading/)
- [Simply News](https://waylink.co.uk/./simply-news/)
- [Vocabulary](https://waylink.co.uk/./vocabulary/)
- [Punctuation](https://waylink.co.uk/./punctuation/)
- [Grammar](https://waylink.co.uk/./grammar/)
- [Academic Writing](https://waylink.co.uk/./academic-writing/)
- [Themes](https://waylink.co.uk/./themes/)
- [Activities](https://waylink.co.uk/./activities/)
- [Teaching](https://waylink.co.uk/./teaching/)
- [Mandarin Chinese](https://waylink.co.uk/./mandarin-chinese/)
- [Mandarin Chinese Sentence Building](https://waylink.co.uk/./mandarin-chinese/mandarin-chinese-sentence-building/)
- [Example pages from MCSB textbook](https://waylink.co.uk/./mandarin-chinese/mandarin-chinese-sentence-building/example-pages-from-mcsb-textbook/)

## Tags

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