Top 1000 nouns

These lists show you which words are used most often. They give you examples of their correct use in phrases or sentences. Note that some words may be used as noun, verb, adjective etc. For definitions and more uses and different meanings of these words you should refer to a good online dictionary or printed book dictionary of English.

abbey

ability

She has the ability to pass the exam.

abolition

The abolition of restrictions encourages business expansion.

He wanted the abolition of smoking.

abortion

She had an abortion at the hospital.

absence

abuse

Some politicians abuse their official positions.

ac

The houses have 230V AC electricity. (AC = alternating current.)

academy

accent

acceptance

The applicant received his letter of acceptance from the university.

access

He failed to access the locked room.

She uses Access database to store information.

accident

It was no accident that they left the party at the same time.

The accident victim was treated by a hospital doctor and nurses.

accommodation

They stayed in bed and breakfast accommodation because it was comfortable and cheap.

account

accountability

accountant

The accountant produced the company accounts for the tax inspector.

accounting

The company has advertised a new post – Chief Accounting Officer.

accuracy

They challenged the accuracy of the witness’s evidence.

The measurement has an accuracy of 0.1%.

accusation

ace

achievement

Man’s greatest achievement is language.

acid

The science teacher explained the danger of acid being spilled in the laboratory.

acquisition

acre

act

That film star can act brilliantly.

He was coughing so badly he had to leave the theatre during act three.

The United Nations Security Council condemned the act of war and called for a ceasefire.

action

The police took action to reduce crime.

activist

activity

After the terrorist attack, there was a lot of police activity at the airport.

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I cannot see any benefit in allowing this dangerous activity to take place.

actor

He is the leading actor in the TV play.

actress

adaptation

addition

address

President Obama will address the United Nations Security Council.

The visiting professor gave an address to the conference.

I wrote his name and address in my notebook.

adjective

The word ‘book’ can be used as a noun, as an adjective and as a verb.

adjustment

administration

She works in administration and has to do a lot of paperwork.

The company went into administration and eventually closed down.

administrator

admission

adoption

adult

Almost ten per cent of the adult population are HIV-Aids infected.

advance

advantage

He tried to gain an unfair advantage by bribing the government official.

adventure

advertising

advice

She is manager of the advice centre.

What advice can you give me to solve this problem?

Students need careful advice about making wise career choices.

adviser

affair

They kept their love affair secret so that the newspapers would not publish embarassing stories.

affection

afternoon

In the morning I go to school, in the afternoon I play sport and in the evening I read books.

age

What age are you? Only people aged 18 and over are allowed in this club.

agency

They went to the ticket agency to buy theatre tickets.

The inter-governmental agency is responsible for organizing AIDS awareness campaigns in the region.

agenda

I hope the report is on the agenda of the committee meeting.

agent

He works as an agent and earns commission on every sale.

aggression

War is sometimes due to foreign aggression and sometimes aimed at liberating a nation from oppression.

agony

After the bomb blast, he was in agony waiting for the ambulance to take him to hospital.

agreement

The committee members were in agreement about the new policy proposals.

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Your agreement is vital. Without it, the plans will not be approved.

agriculture

aid

Jack learned first aid so that he could help injured people.

Foreign governments give development aid to poorer countries.

aids

The inter-governmental agency is responsible for organizing AIDS awareness campaigns in the region.

aim

My aim in life is to work hard and to play hard.

The soldier took careful aim and then fired her rifle.

air

All animals and plants depend on oxygen usually from the air around them.

Air is about 79% nitrogen and 20% oxygen; the rest is other gases including air pollution.

aircraft

The model aircraft is operated by radio control.

The aircraft experienced turbulence during the flight.

airline

When you fly there is a chance that the airline will lose your bags at the airport.

airport

Both arrival and departures are at the same airport terminal.

If you approach the airport from the south, you will see a large car park.

alarm

album

alcohol

allegation

alliance

allocation

allowance

ally

Germany is an important ally of France; they have been allies for many years.

alpha

alteration

alternative

He calls it an alternative lifestyle; I call it lazy!

aluminium

ambassador

ambiguity

ambition

ambulance

After the bomb blast, he was in agony waiting for the ambulance to take him to hospital.

amendment

american

Texas is a large American state.

In American English,

amnesty

amount

No amount of pressure will cause me to agree to your proposal.

amusement

analogy

analysis

The laboratory analysis showed that the water was dangerously polluted.

analyst

ancestor

angel

anger

angle

animal

The elephant is a large and strong animal but usually peaceful unless threatened.

ankle

anniversary

announcement

answer

ant

antibody

anxiety

apartment

apology

apparatus

appeal

He lodged an appeal against convictiion claiming that he was totally innocent of the crime.

OXFAM and other charities launched an appeal to raise money for poor people.

appearance

His appearance was very poor; his clothes were scruffy and his hands were dirty.

appendix

appetite

apple

applicant

The applicant received his letter of acceptance from the university.

application

The pharmacist said that daily application of the skin cream was necessary.

appointment

She has an appointment with the doctor this morning.

Her appointment was surprising – everyone thought she would not get the job.

appraisal

appreciation

approach

His approach to the task is to be patient and persuasive; trying to bully people is not the best approach.

If you approach the airport from the south, you will see a large car park.

The scientific approach is dispassionate and rational.

approval

They applied to the local council for planning approval to build a new office block.

arch

archbishop

architect

We asked the architect to draw a plan of the proposed new house.

architecture

area

The area of a circle is the radius squared multiplied by pi.

This learning activity should help you to understand how to calculate the area of a circle.

argument

They had a serious argument which led to a quarrel and then a fight.

The lawyer submitted a detailed argument to the court claiming that the defendant had an alibi.

His argument was very logical but based on false assumptions.

arm

army

The army has several tank and infantry regiments and an airborne division.

The foreign army launched an assault on the enemy headquarters.

arrangement

array

arrest

arrival

Both arrival and departures are at the same airport terminal.

With the arrival of foreign soldiers, the people were anxious.

arrow

The archer picked up his bow and fired an arrow at the enemy.

art

She loves the world of art and literature.

The art gallery has a fine collection of paintings and statues from all over the world.

article

She wrote an interesting article for the school magazine.

artist

She is a brilliant artist – imaginative, expressive and a brilliant painter.

ash

The forest is mainly oak trees but there are some birch, ash and sycamore too.

Although the fire had finished burning, the ash was still very hot.

aspect

One aspect of his proposal worried me; the new factory was too close to the residential area.

aspiration

assault

The foreign army launched an assault on the enemy headquarters.

assembly

The National Assembly is the parliament and meets in the capital.

This assembly is an electronic device that regulates energy consumption.

The car factory has installed a new assembly line.

assertion

assessment

asset

assignment

assistance

assistant

associate

association

The Youth Hostel Association is an organization that provides cheap overnight accommodation.

The police became suspicious of his association with known terrorists and they brought him in for questioning.

The association of ideas led to a discussion covering many seemingly unrelated topics.

The Moseley Chapter of the association meets every Friday evening.

assumption

assurance

asylum

atmosphere

atom

attack

attempt

His attempt to climb Mount Everest failed because he ran out of oxygen,

attendance

attention

The teacher told the students to pay attention to the explanations.

The soldiers stood to attention and saluted when the president drove past.

attitude

attraction

attribute

auction

audience

audit

auditor

aunt

author

authority

The Health Authority gives money to the hospitals.

autonomy

autumn

availability

avenue

average

award

The soldier won a military award for bravery.

He asked the court to award the plaintiff $50000 for the serious injuries he has suffered.

This is the highest academic award that the university can offer.

awareness

The inter-governmental agency is responsible for organizing AIDS awareness campaigns in the region.

axis

baby

The baby was born at 03:30 in the city hospital.

This baby submarine can carry two people to depths of 500 metres.

back

He injured his back in a sports accident.

The two students sat at the back of the class hoping that the teacher would ignore them.

background

backing

bacterium

bag

balance

balcony

ball

ballet

balloon

ballot

ban

band

bank

She went to the bank to deposit some cheques and withdraw some cash.

banker

banking

bankruptcy

bar

He said that Vancouver is the best city bar none. (

bargain

bargaining

barn

baron

barrel

barrier

base

basin

basis

On the basis of 5 litres per person, he calculated the group would need 50 litres of water per day.

basket

bass

bastard

bat

bath

bathroom

battery

The 12 volt battery consisted of six cells each producing two volts.

battle

bay

beach

beam

bean

bear

The right to bear arms is enshrined in the US constitution. Firearms are dangerous.

bearing

beast

beat

beauty

bed

They stayed in bed and breakfast accommodation because it was comfortable and cheap.

The hotel offered us a room with a double bed or two single beds.

bedroom

bee

beef

beer

beginning

behalf

behaviour

The hooligans behaviour was totally unacceptable.

Psychologists study human behaviour and make associations between stimuli and responses.

being

The science teacher explained the danger of acid being spilled in the laboratory.

belief

bell

belt

bench

benefit

I cannot see any benefit in allowing this dangerous activity to take place.

bias

bible

bicycle

bid

bike

bile

bill

He stayed so long in the hotel that his bill amounted to over 500 dollars.

billion

bin

biography

biology

bird

The bird swooped from high in the sky and plucked a fish from the lake.

birth

birthday

We had a birthday party on Friday.

biscuit

bishop

bit

That ancient college has a royal charter and coat of arms – a bit like a logo, really!

black

bladder

blade

blanket

blast

block

bloke

blood

The blood sample was taken to the laboratory for analysis.

They gave their blood fighting fot the independence of their country.

blow

blue

board

The board of directors ordered all employees to be more efficient and give better service to customers.

boat

body

Her body is healthy but her brain is damaged.

Human communication is affected by body language and tone of voice as well as the actual words spoken.

bolt

bomb

The government increase security controls due to the bomb scare.

After the bomb blast, he was in agony waiting for the ambulance to take him to hospital.

bomber

bombing

bond

bone

bonus

book

I read the book from cover to cover.

The film is not a patch on the book (colloquial; not as good as).

booking

booklet

boom

boost

boot

border

borough

borrowing

boss

Now that the boss is back, we had better work faster.

bottle

bottom

boundary

bow

The archer picked up his bow and fired an arrow at the enemy.

bowel

bowl

bowler

box

I asked at the theatre box office but they said that no seats were available.

He put the present into a large box and wrapped it carefully before posting.

boxing

boy

The boy and his sister played together in the garden.

The boy stood on the burning deck, complaining of the heat. So he stood on his hands and tried to cool his feet.

They have two children – a boy and a girl.

boyfriend

bracket

brain

Her body is healthy but her brain is damaged.

brake

branch

brand

brass

breach

bread

The price of bread has increased greatly.

break

You will need a lot of force to break down that security door.

breakdown

breakfast

They stayed in bed and breakfast accommodation because it was comfortable and cheap.

breast

breath

breed

breeding

breeze

brewery

brick

bride

bridge

brigade

broadcast

broadcasting

brochure

broker

bronze

brother

He gave his brother and two sisters presents when he returned from vacation.

brow

brush

bucket

budget

Our budget is too small to allow luxury expenditure.

We need to budget for further expansion and increased advetising expenditure.

builder

The builder used a spirit-level to check whether the wall was level and true.

building

bulb

bulk

bull

bullet

bunch

burden

bureau

bureaucracy

burial

bus

What time does the bus service start?

Jack caught a bus to the iarport.

bush

business

The abolition of restrictions encourages business expansion.

What business is it of yours?

There was a conflict of interest between his business investments and his job as minister.

Money laundering is used to transfer money from drugs, smuggling and other crimes into legitimate business accounts.

She has a good reputation as a business leader.

His business affairs are kept separate from his political position.

The business students argued about the difference in meaning between

Her university degree is in Business Administration.

businessman

butter

butterfly

button

buyer

cab

cabin

cabinet

cable

cage

cake

calcium

calculation

calendar

February is the only calendar month with 28 days.

calf

call

He received the phone call after midnight and his sleep was disturbed.

There was a call for the minister

He calls it an alternative lifestyle; I call it lazy!

camera

camp

campaign

The advertizing campaign was very successful and sales increased by 15%.

can

The word ‘book’ can be used as a noun, as an adjective and as a verb.

I can see with both eyes.

Logic and reason can solve many problems but not all.

You can use my car to drive to town.

That film star can act brilliantly.

What advice can you give me to solve this problem?

This baby submarine can carry two people to depths of 500 metres.

This is the highest academic award that the university can offer.

Heavy plant and machinery can be very dangerous in the wrong hands.

I bought some land so that I can build a new house.

canal

cancer

candidate

The Labour Party candidate was successful in the election.

candle

canvas

cap

capability

capacity

The maximum capacity of this left is 10 persons.

capital

London is the capital city of England.

The firm needed to raise more capital to finance new investment in export markets.

capitalism

captain

car

He was injured in a car accident.

My car has broken down so I will have to go by bus.

New car drivers must learn to operate the controls with skill.

The car repair job took 3 days.

The road was wide enough for the car to overtake.

You can use my car to drive to town.

If you approach the airport from the south, you will see a large car park.

The car factory has installed a new assembly line.

I need to insure my car against fire, theft and collision damage risks.

caravan

carbon

card

He always carried his credit card in case of emergency.

care

The old woman was in need of care due to her illness.

The children played happily without a care in the world.

He needs hospital care to recover from the suregery.

career

He wanted a career in politics but he had no charisma to win votes.

Students need careful advice about making wise career choices.

carer

cargo

carpet

carriage

carrier

cart

case

I’ll wait for you in case you are late.

You travel light; you have only one case and I have several bags.

He always carried his credit card in case of emergency.

cash

cassette

cast

castle

casualty

cat

catalogue

catch

cathedral

catholic

The Catholic Church is a very large organization with hundreds of millions of believers.

cattle

cause

No amount of pressure will cause me to agree to your proposal.

The unnecessary movement of vehicles every day is a major cause of pollution.

caution

cave

cd

ceiling

celebration

cell

The prisoner was kept in his cell for 23 hours a day.

census

centre

The sun is the centre of our universe.

century

The nineteenth century was a very turbulent period in British history.

Robertson scored his first century in yesterday

ceremony

certainty

certificate

ch

chain

chair

A chair usually has four legs but a stool has only three.

chairman

The chairman called the meeting to order so that they could begin formal discussions.

challenge

chamber

champagne

champion

championship

chance

When you fly there is a chance that the airline will lose your bags at the airport.

Football is a game of skill but there is still an element of chance that produces surprise results.

chancellor

change

She wished for a change in the weather.

He brought a change of clothes.

I didn’t have any small change so gave him paper money.

My decision is final; you will not persuade me to change my opinion.

channel

chaos

chap

chapel

chapter

When he returned from the war, he started a new chapter in his life.

The Moseley Chapter of the association meets every Friday evening.

character

Comic character Baldrick said, ‘I have a cunning plan.’

TV comedy character Baldrick said he had a cunning plan.

characteristic

charge

The government is in charge of the army, education, health and trade.

charity

charm

chart

charter

That ancient college has a royal charter and coat of arms – a bit like a logo, really!

check

The builder used a spirit-level to check whether the wall was level and true.

cheek

cheese

chemical

chemist

chemistry

cheque

chest

chicken

chief

The company has advertised a new post – Chief Accounting Officer.

child

He was convicted of child abuse.

My child is sick. Her children are 6 and 8 years old.

childhood

chin

chip

chocolate

choice

Her choice of clothes surprised her mother. Her mother wanted her to choose different clothes.

choir

chord

chorus

christian

christianity

christmas

church

The Catholic Church is a very large organization with hundreds of millions of believers.

This church was built 500 years ago but is still used for worship today.

cigarette

cinema

circle

The area of a circle is the radius squared multiplied by pi.

circuit

circulation

circumstance

citizen

city

Mr Khan works in a city office.

Which way (direction) is it to the city centre?

The football club signed an agreement with the city council.

The baby was born at 03:30 in the city hospital.

He said that Vancouver is the best city bar none. (

London is the capital city of England.

Land is very expensive – especially in city centres and crowded countries.

claim

The passenger submitted a claim for compensation for the baggage lost at the airport.

clarity

clash

class

My school class is learning English. .

High class restaurants are usually expensive.

The two students sat at the back of the class hoping that the teacher would ignore them.

classic

classification

classroom

clause

clay

cleaner

cleaning

clergy

clerk

client

cliff

climate

clinic

clock

close

Please close the door when you go out.

One aspect of his proposal worried me; the new factory was too close to the residential area.

closure

cloth

clothes

Her choice of clothes surprised her mother. Her mother wanted her to choose different clothes.

His appearance was very poor; his clothes were scruffy and his hands were dirty.

clothing

He bought three articles of clothing in the shop.

Government issue clothing for soldiers is usually very strong and hardwearing.

cloud

club

The student joined a sports club and a musical society.

The football club signed an agreement with the city council.

Manchester United football club has bought a new player – he cost over a million Euro.

clue

cluster

cm

co

co-operation

coach

coal

coalition

coast

coat

That ancient college has a royal charter and coat of arms – a bit like a logo, really!

code

coffee

coffin

coin

cold

colitis

collaboration

collapse

collar

colleague

collection

At the end of the meeting, there was a collection to raise money for the project.

The art gallery has a fine collection of paintings and statues from all over the world.

collector

college

That ancient college has a royal charter and coat of arms – a bit like a logo, really!

colonel

colony

colour

What is the main colour on your football team’s shirts.

column

combination

comedy

TV comedy character Baldrick said he had a cunning plan.

comfort

command

commander

comment

commentary

commentator

commerce

commission

He earned 10 per cent commission on everything that he sold.

He works as an agent and earns commission on every sale.

commissioner

commitment

committee

The committee members were in agreement about the new policy proposals.

I hope the report is on the agenda of the committee meeting.

commodity

commonwealth

communication

Human communication is affected by body language and tone of voice as well as the actual words spoken.

communist

community

There is a public party tonight in the community hall.

companion

company

The accountant produced the company accounts for the tax inspector.

Don’t keep company with bad people.

The company went into administration and eventually closed down.

The labour union leaders and the company management reached a pay deal and averted a strike.

The company has advertised a new post – Chief Accounting Officer.

comparison

compensation

The passenger submitted a claim for compensation for the baggage lost at the airport.

competence

competition

competitor

complaint

completion

complex

The mechanism has a complex action.

The course of history is complex and erratic.

complexity

compliance

complication

component

composer

composition

compound

compromise

computer

Searching and sorting are very demanding computer applications.

The computer system failed to work properly.

computing

concentration

concept

conception

concern

concert

concession

conclusion

condition

conduct

conference

confidence

configuration

confirmation

conflict

There was a conflict of interest between his business investments and his job as minister.

confrontation

confusion

congregation

congress

connection

conscience

consciousness

consensus

consent

consequence

conservation

conservative

consideration

Cost is an important consideration for any purchase.

conspiracy

constable

constituency

constituent

constitution

Article 3 of the constitution guarantees equal rights for all citizens.

constraint

construction

consultant

consultation

consumer

consumption

contact

container

contemporary

contempt

content

contest

context

continent

continuity

contract

They met to sign the contract of cooperation between the parties.

contractor

contradiction

contrary

contrast

contribution

control

The government has no control over the weather.

controller

controversy

convention

conversation

conversion

conviction

cooking

Electric power is used for lighting, cooking and heating.

cooperation

They met to sign the contract of cooperation between the parties.

copper

copy

copyright

coral

core

corn

corner

corp

corporation

corps

corpse

correlation

correspondence

correspondent

corridor

corruption

cost

The cost of raw materials has increased by 12% since last year.

His drunken driving cost him his life.

Manchester United football club has bought a new player – he cost over a million Euro.

costume

cottage

cotton

council

The local council looks after street cleaning.

She was elected to the Council of Ministers.

The United Nations Security Council condemned the act of war and called for a ceasefire.

They applied to the local council for planning approval to build a new office block.

councillor

counselling

count

counter

counterpart

country

We visited a country park.

France is a large country in Europe.

It is your duty to be loyal to your country and be a good citizen.

countryside

county

coup

couple

courage

course

The course of history is complex and erratic.

The race course was very crowded with spectators.

court

The court of King Rascali was corrupt.

The judge sits in court and hears criminal cases.

The court is very busy – the judge has to hear several cases this week.

The lawyer submitted a detailed argument to the court claiming that the defendant had an alibi.

He asked the court to award the plaintiff $50000 for the serious injuries he has suffered.

The decison of the district court was overturned by the higher court of appeal.

courtesy

cousin

covenant

cover

I read the book from cover to cover.

coverage

cow

crack

craft

crash

The train crash was caused by faulty railway points.

cream

The pharmacist said that daily application of the skin cream was necessary.

creation

creature

credit

He always carried his credit card in case of emergency.

creditor

crew

cricket

crime

There is a lot of crime in this area.

criminal

The judge sits in court and hears criminal cases.

The criminal was sentenced to a term of 10 years in jail.

crisis

criterion

critic

criticism

crop

cross

Don’t cross that red line!

The protesters could not cross the police line.

crossing

crowd

crown

cry

crystal

cult

culture

cup

cupboard

cure

curiosity

currency

current

curriculum

curtain

curve

custody

custom

customer

cut

His smoking patch has helped him cut down.

cutting

cycle

cylinder

dad

daddy

dairy

damage

I need to insure my car against fire, theft and collision damage risks.

dance

dancer

dancing

danger

The science teacher explained the danger of acid being spilled in the laboratory.

dark

darkness

darling

data

The word data was originally the plural of datum.

Nowadays, the word data is generally used as an uncountable (mass) noun.

The lack of data makes it difficult to decide.

The Data Protection Officer refused to allow disclosure of private information.

database

She uses Access database to store information.

date

What date is it today?

daughter

My mother and father have two children: a daughter and a son.

dawn

day

The day after tomorrow is Thursday.

The unnecessary movement of vehicles every day is a major cause of pollution.

daylight

deadline

deal

The New Deal was a major project aimed at creating jobs and reducing poverty in America.

The labour union leaders and the company management reached a pay deal and averted a strike.

dealer

dealing

dear

death

debate

debt

debtor

debut

decade

decision

My decision is final; you will not persuade me to change my opinion.

decision-making

deck

declaration

decline

decoration

decree

deed

default

defeat

defect

defence

Mr Trasker is the Minister of Defence in the Social Democratic government.

The prosecution said that he was a murderer but the defence lawyer said it was mistaken itdentity.

defendant

The judge awarded the defendant

The lawyer submitted a detailed argument to the court claiming that the defendant had an alibi.

defender

deficiency

deficit

definition

degree

Her university degree is in Business Administration.

delay

delegate

delegation

delight

delivery

demand

democracy

democrat

demonstration

density

department

Which department do you work in?

departure

dependence

deposit

She went to the bank to deposit some cheques and withdraw some cash.

depression

depth

deputy

descent

description

desert

The Sahara Desert is vast dry in Africa.

design

His design for a new style of furniture won first prize.

designer

desire

desk

desktop

despair

destination

destruction

detail

Attention to detail is vital in forensic science.

detective

determination

developer

development

Educational development is very important for the nation.

Foreign governments give development aid to poorer countries.

The Expressionist movement was an important stage in the development of modern art.

device

This assembly is an electronic device that regulates energy consumption.

devil

diagnosis

diagram

dialogue

diameter

diamond

diary

dictionary

diesel

diet

difference

The business students argued about the difference in meaning between

difficulty

His firm had great difficulty in obtaining finance to buy the expensive new machine.

dignity

dilemma

dimension

dining

dinner

dioxide

direction

directive

director

She is the director responsible for the new department.

dirt

disability

disadvantage

disagreement

disappointment

disaster

disc

discharge

discipline

disclosure

The Data Protection Officer refused to allow disclosure of private information.

discount

discourse

discovery

discretion

discrimination

discussion

The association of ideas led to a discussion covering many seemingly unrelated topics.

disease

Millions of children suffer poverty, disease and starvation due to social inequalities.

dish

disk

dismissal

disorder

display

disposal

dispute

distance

distinction

distress

distribution

district

The decison of the district court was overturned by the higher court of appeal.

disturbance

diversity

dividend

division

The division of Korea into north and south many years ago still has serious consequences today.

divorce

dna

dock

doctor

The accident victim was treated by a hospital doctor and nurses.

He spent five years at the university doing research for a doctor of philosophy degree.

She has an appointment with the doctor this morning.

doctrine

document

documentation

dog

If a dog bites a man, that is not news but if a man bites a dog, the newspapers will be interested.

doll

dollar

dolphin

domain

dominance

donation

donor

door

Please close the door when you go out.

doorway

dose

dot

double

The hotel offered us a room with a double bed or two single beds.

doubt

down

My car has broken down so I will have to go by bus.

You will need a lot of force to break down that security door.

dozen

Dr

draft

dragon

drama

draw

You should draw the picture on very thick paper or card.

We asked the architect to draw a plan of the proposed new house.

drawer

drawing

dream

dress

dressing

drill

drink

drinking

drive

You can use my car to drive to town.

driver

driving

His drunken driving cost him his life.

drop

drug

There is a new anti-cancer drug that we hope will save many lives.

drum

duck

duke

duration

dust

duty

We had to pay import duty when we brought luxury itenms into the country.

It is your duty to be loyal to your country and be a good citizen.

dwelling

eagle

ear

earl

earnings

earth

Google Earth lets you zoom in on photographs of any part of the world.

The gardener spent hours digging the earth to prepare the soil for planting seeds.

ease

east

easter

eating

echo

economics

economist

economy

They travelled in economy class

ed

edge

edition

editor

education

effect

What effect will this have on my salary?

effectiveness

efficiency

effort

egg

ego

elbow

elder

election

electorate

electricity

electron

electronics

element

Football is a game of skill but there is still an element of chance that produces surprise results.

elephant

The elephant is a large and strong animal but usually peaceful unless threatened.

elite

embarrassment

embassy

emergence

emergency

emission

emotion

emperor

emphasis

empire

employee

employer

employment

encounter

encouragement

end

At the end of the day.

The far end of the road.

At the end of the meeting, there was a collection to raise money for the project.

ending

enemy

The foreign army launched an assault on the enemy headquarters.

energy

This assembly is an electronic device that regulates energy consumption.

enforcement

engagement

engine

engineer

engineering

english

Some English people find strong Scottish accents difficult to understand.

englishman

enjoyment

enquiry

enterprise

entertainment

enthusiasm

enthusiast

entity

entrance

entry

envelope

environment

enzyme

episode

equality

equation

The mathematics teacher wrote the equation on the board.

equilibrium

equipment

The operation of this laboratory equipment is quite difficult.

equity

equivalent

era

erosion

error

escape

essay

essence

establishment

estate

estimate

european

Can you name the 27 countries of the European Union?

evaluation

evening

In the morning I go to school, in the afternoon I play sport and in the evening I read books.

event

evidence

evil

evolution

exam

examination

Conscientious study (process of learning) is the key to examination success.

example

He tries to be a role model and set a good example to all the young people.

exception

excess

exchange

excitement

exclusion

excuse

execution

executive

exemption

exercise

exhibition

exile

existence

exit

expansion

We need to budget for further expansion and increased advetising expenditure.

expectation

expedition

expenditure

expense

experience

He has three years job experience in this industry.

experiment

This experiment demonstrates the force fields around a magnet.

expert

expertise

explanation

exploitation

exploration

explosion

export

The firm needed to raise more capital to finance new investment in export markets.

exposure

express

expression

What does the expression ‘mind over matter’ mean?

extension

extent

What is the extent of your involvement?

extract

extreme

eye

He has an eye for fine art.

Keep an eye on the children.

My left eye is hurting.

eyebrow

fabric

face

The face of modern Britain.

He washed his face and brushed his hair.

facility

fact

Is this fact or fiction?

The fact is, I overslept.

faction

factor

factory

This man works hard in the factory all day.

One aspect of his proposal worried me; the new factory was too close to the residential area.

The car factory has installed a new assembly line.

faculty

failure

faith

fall

fame

family

This family of plants is nearing extinction.

My family consists of my mother, my father and me.

The family is on benefit; they depend on welfare benefits because there are so few jobs available.

fan

fantasy

fare

farm

farmer

The farmer planted rice in his field and hopes to harvest it in a few months

farming

fashion

She won a million-dollar prize in the fashion competition.

fat

fate

father

My family consists of my mother, my father and me.

My mother and father have two children: a daughter and a son.

He became lord of the manor when his father died.

fault

favour

favourite

fax

fear

feather

feature

federation

fee

feedback

feeling

fellow

female

feminist

fence

ferry

fertility

festival

The festival has so many activities you won

fever

fibre

fiction

field

The farmer planted rice in his field and hopes to harvest it in a few months

Many students find physics to be a difficult field of study.

The football field was so muddy the team could not play in their usual style.

fig

fight

fighter

fighting

They gave their blood fighting fot the independence of their country.

figure

Look at the map in figure 8.

file

film

The film is not a patch on the book (colloquial; not as good as).

The film star appeared in person.

That film star can act brilliantly.

filter

final

finance

The firm needed to raise more capital to finance new investment in export markets.

His firm had great difficulty in obtaining finance to buy the expensive new machine.

finding

fine

He has an eye for fine art.

The art gallery has a fine collection of paintings and statues from all over the world.

finger

finish

fire

Although the fire had finished burning, the ash was still very hot.

firm

The firm will enter a new market next year.

The firm needed to raise more capital to finance new investment in export markets.

His firm had great difficulty in obtaining finance to buy the expensive new machine.

fish

She bought fish at the village market.

The school of fish swam away.

The bird swooped from high in the sky and plucked a fish from the lake.

fisherman

fishing

fist

fit

fitness

fitting

flag

flame

flash

flat

flavour

fleet

flesh

flexibility

flight

flock

flood

floor

flour

flow

flower

The garden has beautiful flower beds with many different colours and stone rockeries.

fluid

fly

When you fly there is a chance that the airline will lose your bags at the airport.

focus

fog

folk

follower

folly

food

The food shortages led to civil unrest.

fool

foot

In Imperial measurements, the foot is a unit of length; a metric metre is about three feet.

football

The football club signed an agreement with the city council.

What is the main colour on your football team’s shirts.

Manchester United football club has bought a new player – he cost over a million Euro.

The football field was so muddy the team could not play in their usual style.

The football ground was very crowded with supporters of both teams.

force

This experiment demonstrates the force fields around a magnet.

You will need a lot of force to break down that security door.

The police force hopes to recruit women trainees.

The force of Earth

forecast

forehead

foreigner

forest

The forest is mainly oak trees but there are some birch, ash and sycamore too.

fork

form

The footballer was in good form and scored two goals.

Fill in the form using a ballpoint pen.

format

formation

formula

formulation

fortnight

fortune

forum

fossil

foundation

founder

fox

fraction

fragment

frame

framework

fraud

freedom

The price of freedom is obedience to the law.

french

frequency

fridge

friend

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

My friend John lives nearby.

friendship

fringe

front

frontier

fruit

What kind of fruit is this?

frustration

ft

fuel

fun

function

fund

funding

funeral

fur

furniture

His design for a new style of furniture won first prize.

fury

fusion

future

gain

He tried to gain an unfair advantage by bribing the government official.

gall

gallery

The art gallery has a fine collection of paintings and statues from all over the world.

game

Football is a game of skill but there is still an element of chance that produces surprise results.

gang

gap

garage

garden

The garden has beautiful flower beds with many different colours and stone rockeries.

We bought a new flowering plant at the garden centre.

gardener

The gardener spent hours digging the earth to prepare the soil for planting seeds.

garment

gas

gate

gathering

gaze

gear

gen

gender

gene

general

generation

genius

gentleman

geography

german

gesture

ghost

giant

gift

girl

This girl is going to be a star. Her singing voice is amazing!

girlfriend

glance

glass

glimpse

glory

glove

go

My car has broken down so I will have to go by bus.

Please close the door when you go out.

I go to sleep at night.

Wait a moment! This is not the right moment to go away. At moments like this, we need to be careful.

In the morning I go to school, in the afternoon I play sport and in the evening I read books.

goal

goat

god

gold

What is the value of this gold chain?

golf

good

The footballer was in good form and scored two goals.

The film is not a patch on the book (colloquial; not as good as).

She has a good reputation as a business leader.

It is your duty to be loyal to your country and be a good citizen.

He tries to be a role model and set a good example to all the young people.

goodness

goods

gospel

government

The government has no control over the weather.

The government increase security controls due to the bomb scare.

The government is in charge of the army, education, health and trade.

He tried to gain an unfair advantage by bribing the government official.

governor

gown

gp

grace

grade

graduate

grain

grammar

grandfather

grandmother

grant

graph

graphics

grass

grave

gravel

gravity

greek

green

greenhouse

grid

grief

grin

grip

ground

The football ground was very crowded with supporters of both teams.

I felt a movement in the ground and feared that it was an earthquake.

group

A group of students were chatting.

On the basis of 5 litres per person, he calculated the group would need 50 litres of water per day.

grouping

growth

guarantee

guard

guardian

guerrilla

guest

guidance

guide

guideline

guild

guilt

guitar

gun

guy

habit

habitat

hair

half

hall

halt

hammer

hand

He lost his right hand in an industrial accident.

handful

handicap

handle

handling

happiness

harbour

hardware

harm

harmony

harvest

The farmer planted rice in his field and hopes to harvest it in a few months

hat

I put a hat on my head.

hatred

hazard

head

They were at the head of the race.

She is the head of marketing.

headache

heading

headline

headmaster

headquarters

health

The Health Authority gives money to the hospitals.

The government is in charge of the army, education, health and trade.

heap

hearing

heart

heat

heating

heaven

hedge

heel

height

heir

helicopter

hell

help

This learning activity should help you to understand how to calculate the area of a circle.

Jack learned first aid so that he could help injured people.

hemisphere

herb

herd

heritage

hero

hierarchy

highway

Hill

hint

hip

hire

historian

history

The course of history is complex and erratic.

hit

hold

holder

holding

hole

holiday

I am going on holiday next week.

holly

home

He lives at home with his parents.

England was the home of the industrial revolution.

honey

honour

The king’s reputation and honour is unchallenged.

hook

hope

My job is well-paid and I I hope for another salary increase soon.

You hope your team will win but you can

There is a new anti-cancer drug that we hope will save many lives.

I hope that I don

I hope the report is on the agenda of the committee meeting.

horizon

horn

horror

horse

hospital

He needs hospital care to recover from the suregery.

The accident victim was treated by a hospital doctor and nurses.

host

hostage

hostility

hotel

That hotel has a bad reputation.

The hotel is in the town centre.

He stayed so long in the hotel that his bill amounted to over 500 dollars.

The hotel offered us a room with a double bed or two single beds.

hour

An hour has 60 minutes.

house

My house is on this street.

Part of the house fell down.

The house was in a poor state (condition).

One of the rooms in his house is used as a study.

The British House of Lords is unelected and some say undemocratic – but it works quite well most of the time.

household

housewife

housing

hp

human

Psychologists study human behaviour and make associations between stimuli and responses.

humanity

humour

hundred

One hundred metres is often written as 100m.

hunger

hunt

hunting

husband

hut

hydrogen

hypothesis

ice

idea

He has no idea about cooking.

I have an idea for a new book.

ideal

identification

identity

ideology

ignorance

illness

Dr Mato quickly diagnosed the illness and prescribed some medicine.

illusion

illustration

image

imagination

immigration

impact

implementation

implication

import

We had to pay import duty when we brought luxury itenms into the country.

importance

impression

imprisonment

improvement

impulse

inability

incentive

inch

incidence

incident

inclusion

income

increase

The government increase security controls due to the bomb scare.

My job is well-paid and I I hope for another salary increase soon.

independence

They gave their blood fighting fot the independence of their country.

index

indian

indication

indicator

individual

industry

inequality

infant

infection

inflation

influence

information

He gave false information to the police.

infrastructure

ingredient

inhabitant

inheritance

initiative

injection

injunction

injury

inn

innovation

input

inquiry

insect

inside

insider

insight

inspection

inspector

inspiration

installation

instance

instinct

institute

institution

instruction

instrument

insurance

intake

integration

integrity

intellectual

intelligence

intensity

intent

intention

interaction

interest

He paid 12% interest on his loan.

Did he show any interest in her painting?

There was a conflict of interest between his business investments and his job as minister.

He earned 8% interest on the money in his savings account.

interface

interference

interior

interpretation

interval

intervention

interview

introduction

invasion

invention

investigation

investigator

investment

The firm needed to raise more capital to finance new investment in export markets.

investor

invitation

involvement

iron

irony

Island

isle

isolation

issue

Government issue clothing for soldiers is usually very strong and hardwearing.

it

What business is it of yours?

Which way (direction) is it to the city centre?

They stayed in bed and breakfast accommodation because it was comfortable and cheap.

He put the present into a large box and wrapped it carefully before posting.

A passport is such an important document, you should always keep it safely.

He calls it an alternative lifestyle; I call it lazy!

Rumour has it that he is a

What date is it today?

The lack of data makes it difficult to decide.

He finds it very hard to take decisions. He procrastinates.

The prosecution said that he was a murderer but the defence lawyer said it was mistaken itdentity.

I wrote the letter and then put it in the post today so you should receive it by tomorrow.

The farmer planted rice in his field and hopes to harvest it in a few months

The British House of Lords is unelected and some say undemocratic – but it works quite well most of the time.

I felt a movement in the ground and feared that it was an earthquake.

The MDC (Movement for Democratic Change) said it would bring about improvements in the lives of ordinary people in Zimbabwe.

italian

item

The meeting discussed every item on the agenda.

jacket

jail

jam

japanese

jar

jaw

jazz

jeans

jet

jew

jewellery

job

Have you posted your job application?

He has three years job experience in this industry.

There was a conflict of interest between his business investments and his job as minister.

It’s quite a job to climb that steep hill.

My job is well-paid and I I hope for another salary increase soon.

The car repair job took 3 days.

joint

joke

journal

journalist

journey

The arrangements for the journey were very thorough.

joy

judge

The judge heard cases all day.

The judge sits in court and hears criminal cases.

The judge awarded the defendant

The court is very busy – the judge has to hear several cases this week.

judgement

judgment

juice

junction

jungle

jurisdiction

jury

justice

justification

keeper

key

Conscientious study (process of learning) is the key to examination success.

keyboard

kick

kid

killer

killing

kilometre

kind

What kind of fruit is this?

She is very kind and generous to everyone.

king

The court of King Rascali was corrupt.

He played the part of King Lear in the play.

kingdom

kiss

kit

kitchen

km

knee

knife

knight

knitting

knot

knowledge

lab

label

laboratory

The laboratory analysis showed that the water was dangerously polluted.

The blood sample was taken to the laboratory for analysis.

The operation of this laboratory equipment is quite difficult.

labour

The Labour Party candidate was successful in the election.

The labour union leaders and the company management reached a pay deal and averted a strike.

lace

lack

The lack of data makes it difficult to decide.

lad

ladder

lady

Lake

lamb

lamp

land

I bought some land so that I can build a new house.

landing

landlord

landowner

landscape

lane

language

Human communication is affected by body language and tone of voice as well as the actual words spoken.

lap

laser

laugh

laughter

launch

law

The new law was passed in parliament and enforced by the courts.

The law of nature says that all living things must eventually die.

lawn

lawyer

The lawyer submitted a detailed argument to the court claiming that the defendant had an alibi.

The prosecution said that he was a murderer but the defence lawyer said it was mistaken itdentity.

layer

layout

lb

lead

leader

leadership

leaf

leaflet

league

learner

learning

My school class is learning English. .

This learning activity should help you to understand how to calculate the area of a circle.

lease

leather

leave

He was coughing so badly he had to leave the theatre during act three.

lecture

lecturer

The accountancy lecturer explained profit and loss.

left

It was no accident that they left the party at the same time.

My left eye is hurting.

The maximum capacity of this left is 10 persons.

He could not swim because he had injured his left foot.

leg

He fell off the scaffolding and broke his leg when landed on the hard ground.

legacy

legend

legislation

leisure

lemon

length

lesson

letter

The applicant received his letter of acceptance from the university.

I wrote the letter and then put it in the post today so you should receive it by tomorrow.

level

The builder used a spirit-level to check whether the wall was level and true.

liability

liaison

liberal

liberation

liberty

librarian

library

licence

lid

lie

lieutenant

life

My aim in life is to work hard and to play hard.

lifespan

lifestyle

lifetime

lift

light

lighting

likelihood

limb

limit

limitation

line

The line of shoppers grew longer and longer.

link

lion

lip

liquid

Water has three states: solid, liquid and gas.

list

listener

listing

literature

liver

living

The law of nature says that all living things must eventually die.

All animals and plants consist of living cells.

load

loan

lobby

local

The local council looks after street cleaning.

They applied to the local council for planning approval to build a new office block.

locality

location

loch

lock

locomotive

lodge

log

logic

look

It is our policy to look after all our customers.

loop

lord

He became lord of the manor when his father died.

lordship

lorry

loss

lot

There is a lot of crime in this area.

A lot of people were at the market.

After the terrorist attack, there was a lot of police activity at the airport.

She works in administration and has to do a lot of paperwork.

You will need a lot of force to break down that security door.

lounge

love

They kept their love affair secret so that the newspapers would not publish embarassing stories.

lover

loyalty

luck

lump

lunch

lung

luxury

Our budget is too small to allow luxury expenditure.

We had to pay import duty when we brought luxury itenms into the country.

m

machine

machinery

Heavy plant and machinery can be very dangerous in the wrong hands.

madame

magazine

magic

magistrate

magnitude

maid

mail

mainframe

mainland

maintenance

majesty

major

The New Deal was a major project aimed at creating jobs and reducing poverty in America.

The unnecessary movement of vehicles every day is a major cause of pollution.

majority

make-up

maker

making

Students need careful advice about making wise career choices.

male

mammal

man

This man works hard in the factory all day.

The police arrested the man and accused him of murder.

The old man was born a very long time ago.

If a dog bites a man, that is not news but if a man bites a dog, the newspapers will be interested.

management

The labour union leaders and the company management reached a pay deal and averted a strike.

manager

She is manager of the advice centre.

manner

manor

He became lord of the manor when his father died.

manual

manufacture

manufacturer

manufacturing

manuscript

map

Look at the map in figure 8.

marble

march

margin

mark

marker

market

The firm will enter a new market next year.

marketing

marriage

mask

mass

master

match

mate

material

She bought some material to make a new dress.

Building material is very expensive but usually lasts a long time.

mathematics

The mathematics teacher wrote the equation on the board.

matrix

matter

maturity

maximum

The maximum capacity of this left is 10 persons.

mayor

meal

meaning

The business students argued about the difference in meaning between

means

meantime

measure

measurement

The measurement has an accuracy of 0.1%.

meat

mechanic

mechanism

The mechanism has a complex action.

medal

medicine

A taste of his own medicine (colloquial).

medium

meeting

The meeting discussed every item on the agenda.

The chairman called the meeting to order so that they could begin formal discussions.

member

Are you a member of this club?

She is a respected member of the community.

membership

membrane

memorandum

memorial

memory

mention

merchant

mercy

merger

merit

mess

message

metal

metaphor

method

methodology

metre

In Imperial measurements, the foot is a unit of length; a metric metre is about three feet.

middle

midnight

He received the phone call after midnight and his sleep was disturbed.

migration

mile

milk

mill

million

Manchester United football club has bought a new player – he cost over a million Euro.

min

mind

She has a brilliant mind – extremely intelligent and well-educated.

Do you mind if I sit here? No, I don

mine

miner

mineral

minimum

mining

minister

The minister was accountable to parliament.

He was a minister in the Blair government.

She trained as minister of religion.

Mr Trasker is the Minister of Defence in the Social Democratic government.

ministry

minority

minute

The forensic scientist found minute particles on his clothing. They were so tiny you could not see them with the naked eye.

miracle

mirror

misery

miss

missile

mission

mist

mistake

mistress

mix

mixture

ml

mm

mobility

mode

model

The model aircraft is operated by radio control.

He tries to be a role model and set a good example to all the young people.

modification

module

molecule

moment

Wait a moment! This is not the right moment to go away. At moments like this, we need to be careful.

monarch

monarchy

money

The Health Authority gives money to the hospitals.

Do you have any money to hand?

I have no money so I cannot buy a new car.

Money laundering is used to transfer money from drugs, smuggling and other crimes into legitimate business accounts.

He earned 8% interest on the money in his savings account.

OXFAM and other charities launched an appeal to raise money for poor people.

At the end of the meeting, there was a collection to raise money for the project.

monitor

monitoring

monk

monkey

monopoly

monster

month

February is the only calendar month with 28 days.

monument

mood

moon

moor

morale

morality

morning

In the morning I go to school, in the afternoon I play sport and in the evening I read books.

mortality

mortgage

mosaic

mother

The mother fed her children.

The mother ship was escorted into harbour.

Her choice of clothes surprised her mother. Her mother wanted her to choose different clothes.

My mother and father have two children: a daughter and a son.

motif

motion

motivation

motive

motor

motorway

mould

mount

His attempt to climb Mount Everest failed because he ran out of oxygen,

Mountain

mouse

mouth

move

movement

I felt a movement in the ground and feared that it was an earthquake.

The unnecessary movement of vehicles every day is a major cause of pollution.

The Expressionist movement was an important stage in the development of modern art.

movie

mp

mps

Mr

Mrs

Ms

mucosa

mud

mug

mum

mummy

murder

murderer

The prosecution said that he was a murderer but the defence lawyer said it was mistaken itdentity.

muscle

museum

music

musician

mystery

myth

nail

name

My name is Peter.

What’s the name of your hotel?

Can you name the 27 countries of the European Union?

I wrote his name and address in my notebook.

narrative

nation

War is sometimes due to foreign aggression and sometimes aimed at liberating a nation from oppression.

nationalism

nationalist

nationality

nature

The law of nature says that all living things must eventually die.

navy

necessity

neck

need

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

I need a new part for my car.

The old woman was in need of care due to her illness.

On the basis of 5 litres per person, he calculated the group would need 50 litres of water per day.

We need to budget for further expansion and increased advetising expenditure.

Students need careful advice about making wise career choices.

You will need a lot of force to break down that security door.

Wait a moment! This is not the right moment to go away. At moments like this, we need to be careful.

I need to insure my car against fire, theft and collision damage risks.

needle

negligence

The result of his negligence was severe injury.

negotiation

neighbour

neighbourhood

nerve

nest

net

network

newcomer

news

If a dog bites a man, that is not news but if a man bites a dog, the newspapers will be interested.

newspaper

night

I have to work the night shift on alternate weeks.

nightmare

no

It was no accident that they left the party at the same time.

The government has no control over the weather.

He has no idea about cooking.

I have no money so I cannot buy a new car.

What use are tea leaves if you have no hot water?

I asked at the theatre box office but they said that no seats were available.

He wanted a career in politics but he had no charisma to win votes.

I had no alternative; I had to walk 20km to get home.

node

noise

nonsense

norm

north

The division of Korea into north and south many years ago still has serious consequences today.

north-east

north-west

nose

note

notebook

notice

notion

novel

nuisance

number

This number is greater than ten.

nurse

nursery

nursing

nut

oak

The forest is mainly oak trees but there are some birch, ash and sycamore too.

object

objection

objective

obligation

observation

observer

obstacle

occasion

occupation

occurrence

ocean

odds

offence

offender

offer

offering

office

I work in an office building.

The office of President is extremely powerful.

I asked at the theatre box office but they said that no seats were available.

They applied to the local council for planning approval to build a new office block.

officer

The Data Protection Officer refused to allow disclosure of private information.

official

Some politicians abuse their official positions.

oil

one

You travel light; you have only one case and I have several bags.

Earth is one of the planets of the solar system.

onion

opening

opera

operating

operation

She is revcovering from an operation in hospital.

The operation of this laboratory equipment is quite difficult.

operator

opinion

opponent

opportunity

opposite

opposition

option

orange

orchestra

order

The chairman called the meeting to order so that they could begin formal discussions.

organ

organisation

organiser

organism

organization

The Youth Hostel Association is an organization that provides cheap overnight accommodation.

The Catholic Church is a very large organization with hundreds of millions of believers.

orientation

origin

other

Money laundering is used to transfer money from drugs, smuggling and other crimes into legitimate business accounts.

The other side of the moon.

Air is about 79% nitrogen and 20% oxygen; the rest is other gases including air pollution.

OXFAM and other charities launched an appeal to raise money for poor people.

outbreak

outcome

outfit

outlet

outline

outlook

output

outsider

oven

owl

owner

ownership

oxygen

All animals and plants depend on oxygen usually from the air around them.

ozone

p

pace

pack

package

packet

pact

pad

pain

paint

painter

painting

pair

palace

palm

pan

panel

panic

paper

I didn’t have any small change so gave him paper money.

You should draw the picture on very thick paper or card.

para

parade

paragraph

parallel

parameter

parcel

pardon

parent

parish

park

parking

parliament

The new law was passed in parliament and enforced by the courts.

The National Assembly is the parliament and meets in the capital.

part

I need a new part for my car.

He played the part of King Lear in the play.

I take part in sports.

Google Earth lets you zoom in on photographs of any part of the world.

participant

participation

particle

partner

partnership

party

It was no accident that they left the party at the same time.

We had a birthday party on Friday.

The Labour Party candidate was successful in the election.

There is a public party tonight in the community hall.

pass

She has the ability to pass the exam.

passage

passenger

The passenger submitted a claim for compensation for the baggage lost at the airport.

passion

passport

A passport is such an important document, you should always keep it safely.

past

patch

His smoking patch has helped him cut down.

The film is not a patch on the book (colloquial; not as good as).

He put a patch on his torn trousers.

patent

path

patience

patient

His approach to the task is to be patient and persuasive; trying to bully people is not the best approach.

patrol

patron

pattern

pause

pavement

pay

We pay our taxes year after year.

The teacher told the students to pay attention to the explanations.

We had to pay import duty when we brought luxury itenms into the country.

The labour union leaders and the company management reached a pay deal and averted a strike.

payment

pc

I installed Media Player on my PC so tha I could listen to CDs.

peace

peak

peasant

peer

pen

penalty

pence

pencil

penny

pension

pensioner

people

Some English people find strong Scottish accents difficult to understand.

With the arrival of foreign soldiers, the people were anxious.

Other people were present.

Some people eat pork and some don’t.

A lot of people were at the market.

What age are you? Only people aged 18 and over are allowed in this club.

His approach to the task is to be patient and persuasive; trying to bully people is not the best approach.

Most people have two arms and two legs. He has a tatoo on his right arm.

This baby submarine can carry two people to depths of 500 metres.

The MDC (Movement for Democratic Change) said it would bring about improvements in the lives of ordinary people in Zimbabwe.

pepper

per cent (%)

Inflation increased to 5 per cent (%) last year.

percent

percentage

What percentage of students work hard for their examinations?

perception

performance

performer

period

He was absent for a period of three weeks.

The period from June to August is a very busy time.

Her period was overdue.

The nineteenth century was a very turbulent period in British history.

permission

person

He is a person of integrity.

She was acting like a very upset person but I

personality

personnel

perspective

pet

petition

petrol

ph

phase

phenomenon

philosopher

philosophy

He spent five years at the university doing research for a doctor of philosophy degree.

phone

He received the phone call after midnight and his sleep was disturbed.

photo

photograph

photographer

photography

phrase

test phrase amended

The phrase

physics

Many students find physics to be a difficult field of study.

piano

picture

You should draw the picture on very thick paper or card.

pie

piece

pier

pig

pile

pill

pillar

pillow

pilot

pine

pint

pipe

pit

pitch

pity

place

This is the place to be.

placement

plain

plaintiff

He asked the court to award the plaintiff $50000 for the serious injuries he has suffered.

plan

We asked the architect to draw a plan of the proposed new house.

When do you plan to get married?

plane

planet

planner

planning

They applied to the local council for planning approval to build a new office block.

plant

We bought a new flowering plant at the garden centre.

Heavy plant and machinery can be very dangerous in the wrong hands.

plastic

plate

platform

play

My aim in life is to work hard and to play hard.

The football field was so muddy the team could not play in their usual style.

In the morning I go to school, in the afternoon I play sport and in the evening I read books.

player

I installed Media Player on my PC so tha I could listen to CDs.

Manchester United football club has bought a new player – he cost over a million Euro.

plc

plea

pleasure

plot

pocket

poem

poet

poetry

point

What is the point of doing that?

What is your point of view?

poison

pole

police

The police took action to reduce crime.

The protesters could not cross the police line.

The police arrested the man and accused him of murder.

After the terrorist attack, there was a lot of police activity at the airport.

The police became suspicious of his association with known terrorists and they brought him in for questioning.

The police force hopes to recruit women trainees.

After the fight, the police charged the suspect with assault.

policeman

policy

It is our policy to look after all our customers.

The committee members were in agreement about the new policy proposals.

politician

politics

He wanted a career in politics but he had no charisma to win votes.

poll

pollution

We must reduce pollution to protect the environment.

polymer

polytechnic

pond

pony

pool

pop

pope

popularity

population

Almost ten per cent of the adult population are HIV-Aids infected.

port

portfolio

portion

portrait

position

possession

possibility

post

I wrote the letter and then put it in the post today so you should receive it by tomorrow.

The company has advertised a new post – Chief Accounting Officer.

poster

pot

potato

potential

pound

poverty

The war on poverty is urgent.

The New Deal was a major project aimed at creating jobs and reducing poverty in America.

powder

power

Electric power is used for lighting, cooking and heating.

Political power corrupts many leaders.

pp

practice

practitioner

praise

prayer

precedent

precision

predator

predecessor

prediction

preference

pregnancy

prejudice

premise

premium

preparation

prescription

presence

present

He put the present into a large box and wrapped it carefully before posting.

presentation

preservation

presidency

president

The office of President is extremely powerful.

The soldiers stood to attention and saluted when the president drove past.

press

The press are very biased – I don

pressure

No amount of pressure will cause me to agree to your proposal.

prevention

prey

price

The price of freedom is obedience to the law.

The price of bread has increased greatly.

We will not refund the ticket price under any circumstances.

pride

priest

primary

prince

princess

principal

principle

print

printer

printing

priority

prison

prisoner

The prisoner was kept in his cell for 23 hours a day.

privacy

privatisation

privilege

prize

She won a million-dollar prize in the fashion competition.

probability

probe

problem

I have a problem with my car.

procedure

proceed

proceeding

process

processing

processor

producer

product

production

Component shortages delayed production of the new cars.

productivity

profession

professional

professor

The professor published his study of AIDS.

The visiting professor gave an address to the conference.

profile

profit

His shop makes about 7% profit on turnover.

The accountancy lecturer explained profit and loss.

program

programme

programming

progress

project

The New Deal was a major project aimed at creating jobs and reducing poverty in America.

projection

promise

Do you promise to keep your word.

promoter

promotion

proof

propaganda

property

proportion

proposal

The proposal met a sudden death.

One aspect of his proposal worried me; the new factory was too close to the residential area.

proposition

prosecution

The prosecution said that he was a murderer but the defence lawyer said it was mistaken itdentity.

prospect

prosperity

protection

The Data Protection Officer refused to allow disclosure of private information.

protein

protest

protocol

provider

province

provision

psychologist

psychology

pub

public

There is a public party tonight in the community hall.

publication

publicity

publisher

publishing

pudding

pulse

pump

punch

punishment

pupil

purchase

purchaser

purpose

pursuit

pylorus

qualification

quality

quantity

quarry

quarter

queen

query

question

It’s a question of common sense.

I asked a question and he gave me an answer.

questionnaire

queue

quid

quota

quotation

rabbit

race

The race course was very crowded with spectators.

racism

radiation

radio

The model aircraft is operated by radio control.

rage

raid

rail

railway

The train crash was caused by faulty railway points.

rain

rainbow

rally

ram

range

ranger

rank

rape

rat

rate

What rate do you charge?

rating

ratio

reach

reaction

reactor

reader

reading

reality

realm

rear

reason

He asked for the reason I was late.

Logic and reason can solve many problems but not all.

reasoning

rebel

rebellion

receipt

receiver

reception

recession

recipe

recipient

recognition

recommendation

reconstruction

record

recorder

recording

recovery

recruitment

red

Don’t cross that red line!

You cannot enter this zone. The red zone is restricted. The twilight zone.

reduction

redundancy

ref

referee

reference

referendum

referral

reflection

reform

refuge

refugee

refusal

regard

regime

regiment

region

register

registration

regulation

rehearsal

reign

rejection

relation

relationship

relative

relaxation

release

relevance

relief

religion

reluctance

remainder

remains

remark

remedy

reminder

removal

renaissance

renewal

rent

repair

The car repair job took 3 days.

repayment

repetition

replacement

reply

report

I was shocked by the report on global warming.

Jane’s school report was excellent.

I hope the report is on the agenda of the committee meeting.

reporter

reporting

representation

representative

reproduction

republic

republican

reputation

She has a good reputation as a business leader.

The king’s reputation and honour is unchallenged.

request

requirement

rescue

research

He spent five years at the university doing research for a doctor of philosophy degree.

researcher

resentment

reservation

reserve

reservoir

residence

resident

residue

resignation

resistance

resolution

resort

resource

respect

respondent

response

responsibility

rest

Air is about 79% nitrogen and 20% oxygen; the rest is other gases including air pollution.

restaurant

restoration

restraint

restriction

result

The result of his negligence was severe injury.

What was the result of the test?

retailer

retirement

retreat

return

rev

revelation

revenge

revenue

review

revision

revival

revolution

reward

rhythm

rib

ribbon

rice

The farmer planted rice in his field and hopes to harvest it in a few months

ride

rider

ridge

rifle

right

He lost his right hand in an industrial accident.

She is right to complain about the poor working conditions.

We have the right to vote.

Most people have two arms and two legs. He has a tatoo on his right arm.

The right to bear arms is enshrined in the US constitution. Firearms are dangerous.

Wait a moment! This is not the right moment to go away. At moments like this, we need to be careful.

ring

riot

rise

risk

ritual

rival

River

After several days of heavy rain, the river flooded its banks.

road

Hard work is the road to success.

The road was wide enough for the car to overtake.

rock

rod

role

He tries to be a role model and set a good example to all the young people.

roll

roman

romance

roof

room

It looks so crowded; is there any room (space) to sit down?

This room is used for storing boxes.

The hotel offered us a room with a double bed or two single beds.

root

rope

rose

round

route

routine

row

rubbish

rug

rugby

ruin

rule

ruler

ruling

rumour

run

runner

running

rush

russian

sack

sacrifice

safety

sail

sailor

saint

sake

salad

salary

My job is well-paid and I I hope for another salary increase soon.

sale

sales

The advertizing campaign was very successful and sales increased by 15%.

salmon

salt

salvation

sample

The blood sample was taken to the laboratory for analysis.

sanction

sand

sandwich

satellite

satisfaction

sauce

saving

scale

scandal

scene

scent

schedule

scheme

scholar

scholarship

school

The alterations to the school rules were among many proposed changes.

My school class is learning English. .

Jane’s school report was excellent.

The school of fish swam away.

He liked the school teacher because she was knowledgeable and entertaining.

The school year has three terms or trimesters.

I like my new school – it’s a friendly but hard-working environment.

She wrote an interesting article for the school magazine.

science

The science teacher explained the danger of acid being spilled in the laboratory.

scientist

The forensic scientist found minute particles on his clothing. They were so tiny you could not see them with the naked eye.

scope

score

scot

scrap

screen

script

scrutiny

sculpture

Sea

His village is only ten metres above sea level.

seal

search

The divers explored the seabed in search of the wrecked ship.

season

seat

second

secret

They kept their love affair secret so that the newspapers would not publish embarassing stories.

The FBI use secret agents to smash drugs cartels.

Secretary

section

sector

security

The government increase security controls due to the bomb scare.

The United Nations Security Council condemned the act of war and called for a ceasefire.

President Obama will address the United Nations Security Council.

You will need a lot of force to break down that security door.

sediment

seed

segment

selection

self

seller

selling

semi-final

seminar

senate

sensation

sense

sensitivity

sentence

sentiment

separation

sequence

sergeant

series

serum

servant

server

service

What time does the bus service start?

The religious service began at 10:00.

The service is very fast in this restaurant.

The board of directors ordered all employees to be more efficient and give better service to customers.

session

set

He tries to be a role model and set a good example to all the young people.

setting

settlement

sex

sexuality

shade

shadow

shaft

shame

shape

shareholder

shed

sheep

sheet

shelf

shell

shelter

shield

shift

I have to work the night shift on alternate weeks.

shilling

ship

The mother ship was escorted into harbour.

shirt

shit

shock

shoe

shooting

shop

His shop makes about 7% profit on turnover.

shopping

shore

shortage

There is a shortage of water in the desert.

shot

shoulder

show

Did he show any interest in her painting?

shower

sickness

side

The other side of the moon.

This side of summer.

This side of the road.

A side of beef.

sigh

sight

sign

They met to sign the contract of cooperation between the parties.

signal

signature

significance

silence

silk

silver

similarity

sin

singer

single

The hotel offered us a room with a double bed or two single beds.

sink

sir

sister

The boy and his sister played together in the garden.

site

situation

size

sketch

skill

Football is a game of skill but there is still an element of chance that produces surprise results.

skin

The pharmacist said that daily application of the skin cream was necessary.

skirt

skull

sky

The bird swooped from high in the sky and plucked a fish from the lake.

slave

sleep

I go to sleep at night.

He received the phone call after midnight and his sleep was disturbed.

sleeve

slice

slide

slip

slope

smell

smile

smoke

smoking

His smoking patch has helped him cut down.

snake

snow

soap

soccer

socialism

society

sociology

sock

sofa

software

soil

The gardener spent hours digging the earth to prepare the soil for planting seeds.

soldier

The soldier won a military award for bravery.

The soldier took careful aim and then fired her rifle.

solicitor

solidarity

solo

solution

son

song

sort

soul

sound

soup

source

south

The division of Korea into north and south many years ago still has serious consequences today.

south-east

sovereignty

soviet

space

speaker

specialist

species

specification

specimen

spectacle

spectator

spectrum

speculation

speech

speed

spell

spelling

spending

sphere

spider

spine

spirit

spokesman

sponsor

sponsorship

sport

In the morning I go to school, in the afternoon I play sport and in the evening I read books.

spot

spread

spring

spur

squad

squadron

square

st

stability

stadium

staff

stage

The Expressionist movement was an important stage in the development of modern art.

staircase

stairs

stake

stall

stamp

stance

stand

standard

standing

star

The film star appeared in person.

That film star can act brilliantly.

start

starting

state

The house was in a poor state (condition).

statement

station

statistics

statue

status

statute

stay

steam

steel

stem

step

sterling

steward

stick

stimulus

stitch

stock

stomach

stone

The garden has beautiful flower beds with many different colours and stone rockeries.

stool

A chair usually has four legs but a stool has only three.

stop

storage

store

She uses Access database to store information.

storm

story

strain

strand

stranger

I was approached by a stranger who tried to sell me a fake watch.

strategy

straw

stream

street

The local council looks after street cleaning.

strength

stress

stretch

strike

striker

string

strip

stroke

structure

struggle

student

The student joined a sports club and a musical society.

studio

study

Conscientious study (process of learning) is the key to examination success.

The professor published his study of AIDS.

Psychologists study human behaviour and make associations between stimuli and responses.

stuff

style

His design for a new style of furniture won first prize.

subject

submission

subscription

subsidiary

subsidy

substance

substitute

suburb

success

succession

successor

sufferer

suffering

sugar

suggestion

suicide

suit

suite

sum

summary

summer

summit

sun

The sun is the centre of our universe.

sunlight

sunshine

superintendent

supermarket

supervision

supervisor

supper

supplement

supplier

supply

support

supporter

surface

surgeon

surgery

surplus

surprise

Football is a game of skill but there is still an element of chance that produces surprise results.

surroundings

survey

surveyor

survival

survivor

suspect

After the fight, the police charged the suspect with assault.

suspension

suspicion

sweat

swimming

swing

switch

sword

symbol

sympathy

symptom

syndrome

synthesis

system

The computer system failed to work properly.

t-shirt

table

tablet

tactic

tail

takeover

tale

talent

talk

tank

The army has several tank and infantry regiments and an airborne division.

tap

tape

target

tariff

task

His approach to the task is to be patient and persuasive; trying to bully people is not the best approach.

taste

A taste of his own medicine (colloquial).

A taste of luxury.

tax

The accountant produced the company accounts for the tax inspector.

taxation

taxi

taxpayer

tea

The tea has a refreshing taste.

What use are tea leaves if you have no hot water?

teacher

He liked the school teacher because she was knowledgeable and entertaining.

The two students sat at the back of the class hoping that the teacher would ignore them.

The teacher told the students to pay attention to the explanations.

The mathematics teacher wrote the equation on the board.

The science teacher explained the danger of acid being spilled in the laboratory.

teaching

team

You hope your team will win but you can

The football field was so muddy the team could not play in their usual style.

tear

technique

technology

teenager

tel

telecommunication

telegraph

telephone

television

temper

temperature

temple

temptation

tenant

tendency

tennis

tension

tent

term

The criminal was sentenced to a term of 10 years in jail.

What does the scientific term ‘relativity’ mean?

terminal

terrace

territory

terror

terrorist

After the terrorist attack, there was a lot of police activity at the airport.

test

testament

testing

text

textile

texture

thanks

theatre

The theatre had a full house.

He was coughing so badly he had to leave the theatre during act three.

They went to the ticket agency to buy theatre tickets.

I asked at the theatre box office but they said that no seats were available.

theft

I need to insure my car against fire, theft and collision damage risks.

theme

theology

theory

therapy

thesis

thief

thigh

thing

What is this thing lying on the floor?

thinking

thought

Her appointment was surprising – everyone thought she would not get the job.

thousand

thread

threat

threshold

throat

throne

thumb

ticket

They went to the ticket agency to buy theatre tickets.

We will not refund the ticket price under any circumstances.

tide

tie

tiger

tile

timber

time

What time does the bus service start?

What time is it?

The old man was born a very long time ago.

timetable

timing

tin

tip

tissue

title

toast

tobacco

toe

toilet

tomato

ton

tone

Human communication is affected by body language and tone of voice as well as the actual words spoken.

tongue

tonne

tool

This tool has many uses.

tooth

top

topic

torch

tory

total

touch

tour

tourism

tourist

tournament

towel

tower

town

Our town is too small to be a city.

The hotel is in the town centre.

toy

trace

track

trade

trader

trading

tradition

traffic

tragedy

trail

train

The train crash was caused by faulty railway points.

trainee

trainer

training

transaction

transfer

Money laundering is used to transfer money from drugs, smuggling and other crimes into legitimate business accounts.

transformation

transition

translation

transmission

transport

trap

travel

You travel light; you have only one case and I have several bags.

traveller

tray

treasure

treasury

treatment

treaty

tree

trend

trial

triangle

tribe

tribunal

tribute

trick

trip

triumph

troop

trophy

trouble

trousers

truck

trunk

trust

trustee

truth

try

tube

tumour

tune

tunnel

turn

turnover

tutor

tv

He is the leading actor in the TV play.

twin

type

tyre

ulcer

uncertainty

uncle

understanding

undertaking

unemployment

uniform

union

The labour union leaders and the company management reached a pay deal and averted a strike.

unionist

unit

In Imperial measurements, the foot is a unit of length; a metric metre is about three feet.

unity

universe

university

This is the highest academic award that the university can offer.

He spent five years at the university doing research for a doctor of philosophy degree.

Her university degree is in Business Administration.

unix

usage

use

What use are tea leaves if you have no hot water?

You can use my car to drive to town.

The FBI use secret agents to smash drugs cartels.

user

utility

utterance

validity

valley

valuation

value

What is the value of this gold chain?

valve

van

variable

variant

variation

variety

vat

vegetable

vegetation

vehicle

vein

velocity

vendor

venture

venue

verb

Abuse as a noun is pronounced ‘a-bewSe’ and the verb is pronounced ‘a-bewZe’.

verdict

verse

version

vessel

Vice-President

victim

The accident victim was treated by a hospital doctor and nurses.

victory

video

view

The view from Cape Town

viewer

viewpoint

villa

village

His village is only ten metres above sea level.

She bought fish at the village market.

violence

virgin

virtue

virus

vision

visit

visitor

vitamin

vocabulary

voice

Human communication is affected by body language and tone of voice as well as the actual words spoken.

This girl is going to be a star. Her singing voice is amazing!

vol

voltage

volume

volunteer

vote

voter

voting

wage

waist

waiter

waiting

After the bomb blast, he was in agony waiting for the ambulance to take him to hospital.

wake

walk

I had no alternative; I had to walk 20km to get home.

walking

wall

The builder used a spirit-level to check whether the wall was level and true.

war

The war on poverty is urgent.

There is a war of words between the politicians.

The United Nations Security Council condemned the act of war and called for a ceasefire.

ward

wardrobe

warehouse

warmth

warning

warrant

warrior

wartime

washing

waste

watch

water

There is a shortage of water in the desert.

She drinks two litres of water every day.

The laboratory analysis showed that the water was dangerously polluted.

On the basis of 5 litres per person, he calculated the group would need 50 litres of water per day.

wave

way

I enjoy this way (method) of learning.

Which way (direction) is it to the city centre?

weakness

wealth

weapon

weather

wedding

week

weekend

weight

welcome

welfare

The family is on benefit; they depend on welfare benefits because there are so few jobs available.

well

Human communication is affected by body language and tone of voice as well as the actual words spoken.

The British House of Lords is unelected and some say undemocratic – but it works quite well most of the time.

west

whale

wheat

wheel

while

whisky

white

whole

wicket

widow

width

wife

wildlife

will

My car has broken down so I will have to go by bus.

What effect will this have on my salary?

The firm will enter a new market next year.

When will the examinsation results be announced?

Your agreement is vital. Without it, the plans will not be approved.

If you approach the airport from the south, you will see a large car park.

No amount of pressure will cause me to agree to your proposal.

You hope your team will win but you can

When you fly there is a chance that the airline will lose your bags at the airport.

We will not refund the ticket price under any circumstances.

If a dog bites a man, that is not news but if a man bites a dog, the newspapers will be interested.

There is a new anti-cancer drug that we hope will save many lives.

President Obama will address the United Nations Security Council.

My decision is final; you will not persuade me to change my opinion.

You will need a lot of force to break down that security door.

willingness

win

You hope your team will win but you can

He wanted a career in politics but he had no charisma to win votes.

wind

window

wine

wing

winner

winter

wire

wisdom

wish

wit

withdrawal

witness

The witness stated that they had seen the attack.

wolf

woman

She was the first woman to be become president.

The old woman was in need of care due to her illness.

wonder

wood

woodland

wool

word

The word ‘book’ can be used as a noun, as an adjective and as a verb.

They got word of his death.

I found the word in the dictionary.

The word data was originally the plural of datum.

Nowadays, the word data is generally used as an uncountable (mass) noun.

work

I work in an office building.

Hard work is the road to success.

The computer system failed to work properly.

I enjoy my work as a teacher.

Now that the boss is back, we had better work faster.

I have to work the night shift on alternate weeks.

My aim in life is to work hard and to play hard.

What percentage of students work hard for their examinations?

Which department do you work in?

worker

workforce

working

She is right to complain about the poor working conditions.

works

This man works hard in the factory all day.

Mr Khan works in a city office.

She works in administration and has to do a lot of paperwork.

He works as an agent and earns commission on every sale.

The British House of Lords is unelected and some say undemocratic – but it works quite well most of the time.

workshop

workstation

world

She loves the world of art and literature.

He flew around the world in 3 days.

worm

worry

worship

This church was built 500 years ago but is still used for worship today.

worth

wound

wrist

writer

writing

yacht

yard

yarn

year

The school year has three terms or trimesters.

Last year I went to Spain.

A year has 12 months.

We pay our taxes year after year.

yield

youngster

youth

The Youth Hostel Association is an organization that provides cheap overnight accommodation.

zone

You cannot enter this zone. The red zone is restricted. The twilight zone.

abbey

ability

abolition

abortion

absence

abuse

ac

academy

accent

acceptance

access

accident

accommodation

account

accountability

accountant

accounting

accuracy

accusation

ace

achievement

acid

acquisition

acre

act

action

activist

activity

actor

actress

ad

adaptation

addition

address

adjective

adjustment

administration

administrator

admission

adoption

adult

advance

advantage

adventure

advertisement

advertising

advice

adviser

affair

affection

afternoon

age

agency

agenda

agent

aggression

agony

agreement

agriculture

aid

aids

aim

air

aircraft

airline

airport

alarm

album

alcohol

allegation

alliance

allocation

allowance

ally

alpha

alteration

alternative

aluminium

ambassador

ambiguity